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- W2022204648 abstract "Cardiac muscle contraction is primarily controlled through calcium-dependent interactions among thin filament regulatory proteins. Modulation of the calcium sensitivity of thin filament regulatory proteins is a known pharmacological target for treatment of heart failure. Agents that exert a positive-inotropic effect, by directly acting on thin filament regulatory proteins or on cross-bridge cycling, are commonly referred to as calcium sensitizers [ [1] Endoh M. Mechanism of action of Ca2+; sensitizerss—update 2001. Cardiovasc Drug Ther. 2001; 15: 397-403 Crossref PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar ]. The regulatory apparatus of the thin filament is comprised of tropomyosin and a protein complex known as troponin. Troponin is a ternary assembly of proteins composed of troponin C (TnC), troponin I (TnI), and troponin T (TnT). Each troponin subunit has been implicated in a distinct function. TnC is the calcium sensor of the troponin complex responsible for detection of the calcium signal and initiation of muscle contraction. TnI serves to inhibit the myosin–actin interaction in the absence of calcium, while TnT plays a role in transmitting the calcium signal by anchoring the complex to the thin filament. On the thin filament, troponin and tropomyosin confer not only calcium sensitivity to contraction, but modulation by phosphorylation of TnI as well. Both protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C phosphorylation of cardiac TnI are of particular importance in modulating myofilament function and controlling cardiac dynamics [ 2 Burkart E.M. Sumandea M.P. Kobayashi T. Nili M. Martin A.F. Homsher E. et al. Phosphorylation or glutamic acid substitution at protein kinase C sites on cardiac troponin I differentially depress myofilament tension and shortening velocity. J Biol Chem. 2003; 278: 11265-11272 Crossref PubMed Scopus (136) Google Scholar , 3 Solaro R.J. Burkart E.M. Functional defects in troponin and the systems biology of heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2003; 34: 689-693 Abstract Full Text PDF Scopus (17) Google Scholar ]. Thus, agents that target the regulatory apparatus by increasing the calcium sensitivity without deleterious effects on the intracellular calcium concentration or oxygen consumption are useful in the treatment of heart failure. The calcium sensor protein, TnC, is a primary target for development of calcium-sensitizing agents that function by making regulatory thin filament proteins more sensitive to calcium." @default.
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- W2022204648 date "2003-09-01" @default.
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- W2022204648 title "Molecular mechanism of levosimendan action: an update" @default.
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- W2022204648 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(03)00202-5" @default.
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