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- W2022220087 abstract "A cylindrical thermoelement which has an axial temperature gradient undergoes both lateral and axial changes in chemical composition. The thermoelectric field is directed along the axis, but currents will circulate within the thermoelement if the composition change causes any lateral variation in the field. Such a field is nonconservative. It is shown that, if the temperature gradient is not too large, the electromotive force (emf) of the element is approximately the integral over temperature of the weighted average of the Seebeck coefficient, where the average is taken at each cross section of the cylinder, and the weighting factor is the normalized electrical conductivity. The thermoelectric drift is given by a similar expression that uses the change in Seebeck coefficient. A general method is given for correcting the approximations for the effect of the temperature gradient. If the conductivity is uniform, the approximations become exact and apply for all gradients. The theory is illustrated on a hypothetical Ni-Cr thermoelement which has a concentration gradient in Cr. The net composition of the element is calculated by Goodman’s approximation. The drift is proportional to the square root of time and inversely proportional to the diameter of the element. Conditions are given under which these relations are true for thermoelements of other compositions. The drift problem of the Ni-Cr thermoelement is also solved by a numerical finite-difference network. The results, and also the analysis, show that temperature gradients of less than 103 K cm−1 change the drift by less than 1%. This suggests that the drift approximation is virtually exact and will be useful for all thermoelements in practical temperature gradients." @default.
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- W2022220087 date "1984-01-01" @default.
- W2022220087 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2022220087 title "Thermoelectric drift of thermocouples due to inhomogeneous changes in composition" @default.
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- W2022220087 doi "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.332864" @default.
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