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- W2022249079 abstract "Editor'There has been abundant literature published on the ability of dynamic preload indices [such as the respiratory variation of stroke volume (ΔrespSV)] to predict fluid responsiveness, but the results have been inconsistent.1Zhang Z Lu B Sheng X Jin N Accuracy of stroke volume variation in predicting fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Anesth. 2011; 25: 904-916Crossref PubMed Scopus (117) Google Scholar 2Guinot PG de Broca B Abou Arab O et al.Ability of stroke volume variation measured by oesophageal Doppler monitoring to predict fluid responsiveness during surgery.Br J Anaesth. 2013; 110: 28-33Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar One of the reasons could be the absence of a consensual definition of fluid responsiveness. Some authors have defined fluid responsiveness as an increase in SV, while others have used an increase in cardiac output (CO).1Zhang Z Lu B Sheng X Jin N Accuracy of stroke volume variation in predicting fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Anesth. 2011; 25: 904-916Crossref PubMed Scopus (117) Google Scholar 2Guinot PG de Broca B Abou Arab O et al.Ability of stroke volume variation measured by oesophageal Doppler monitoring to predict fluid responsiveness during surgery.Br J Anaesth. 2013; 110: 28-33Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar In some cases, variations of CO may not be equal to variations of SV due to changes in heart rate (HR). We assumed that assessment of fluid responsiveness based on SV would provide more reliable information concerning the effect of fluid infusion than assessment of fluid responsiveness based on CO. After Institutional Review Board approval, we conducted a prospective, observational study, in which patients monitored by an oesophageal Doppler during general anaesthesia were included. Haemodynamic parameters [HR, mean arterial pressure (MAP)] and oesophageal Doppler indices (SV, CO, and ΔrespSV) were collected before and after volume expansion with 500 ml of crystalloid. Two definitions of responders were tested: >15% increase in SV and >15% increase in CO after volume expansion. Patients were classified into three groups: non-responders, responders according to SV and CO, and discordant group. An analysis of variance (anova) analysis with the Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used. The Pearson rank method tested linear correlations. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was generated for ΔrespSV to predict either increase in CO or in SV. Of the 138 patients included in this study, 64 (47%) increased their SV and CO by more than 15%, and 15 (12%) increased only their SV by more than 15%. Patients in the discordant group had a significantly higher baseline HR, with a <10% increase in CO (Table 1). Variation of CO with fluid expansion was correlated with variation of SV and HR (r=0.78, P<0.001, r=0.37, P<0.001, respectively). ΔrespSV presented a better ability to predict a >15% increase in SV than a >15% increase in CO [area under the curve of 0.89 (CI95% 0.82–0.95, P<0.0001) and 0.77 (CI95% 0.68–0.85, P<0.0001), respectively]. Using Oldham's method, ΔrespSV and SV variations in response to fluid expansion were not correlated.Table 1Comparison of a hemodynamic parameters between the responders, non-responders, and discordant groups. Values are expressed as mean (standard deviation) or mean (CI95%). CO, cardiac output; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; SV, stroke volume; ΔrespSV, respiratory stroke volume variation. Data were compared using anova with the post hoc Bonferonni test. aP<0.05 non-responder vs responder. bP<0.05 non-responder vs discordant. cP<0.05 responder vs discordant. *P<0.05 between baseline and volume expansionNon-responders (n=58)Responders to SV and CO (n=64)Discordant (n=16)HR (beats min−1) Baseline67 (18)67 (17)78 (18)b,c Volume expansion66 (17)69 (17)68 (12)*MAP (mm Hg) Baseline75 (13)76 (12)74 (15) Volume expansion77 (15)81 (14)*77 (13)SV (ml) Baseline84 (20)69 (16)a72 (19)b Volume expansion87 (22)*91 (20)*88 (22)*CO (ml min−1) Baseline5.5 (1.9)4.5 (1.2)a5.5 (1.5)c Volume expansion5.6 (1.9)6.3 (2)*6 (1.7)*ΔrespSV (%) Baseline11 (5)21 (9)a26 (10)c Volume expansion10 (4)11 (6)*15 (11)*,b,c Variation of HR with volume expansion (%)−1 (−4; 2)3 (0; 6)−11 (−17; −6)b,c Variation of SV with volume expansion (%)3 (1; 6)34 (28; 40)a20 (17; 24)b,c Variation of CO with volume expansion (%)2 (−2; 5)38 (32; 44)a6 (0; 12)c Open table in a new tab Based on our results, a standardized fluid infusion gave different results according to the two definitions of fluid responsiveness. Some patients were not classified as CO responders because fluid infusion produced opposite effects on the two determinants of CO, as fluid expansion was sometimes associated with a significant decrease in HR resulting in a less marked increase in CO than the cut-off used to define fluid responsiveness. Baseline haemodynamic parameters and their variation in response to volume expansion differed between the responder and discordant groups (Table 1). Our observations may reflect two types of haemodynamic response to volume expansion depending on the baseline cardiovascular equilibrium. Assuming that all patients had no modification of drug dosage during the study period, baseline haemodynamic parameters of the discordant group may reflect adaptation of cardiovascular system, rather than in responders. Because CO is a physiologically controlled parameter dependent on several factors,3Guyton AC The relationship of cardiac output and arterial pressure control.Circulation. 1981; 64: 1079-1088Crossref PubMed Scopus (102) Google Scholar CO variations in response to volume expansion must be interpreted in terms of the variations of its two determinants (HR and SV). In some cases, the absence of increase in CO in response to fluid infusion may not indicate the absence of effect. Monitoring SV may provide more reliable information concerning the effect of fluid infusion. It may be preferable to use a definition of fluid responsiveness based on SV variation in studies testing the ability of an indicator to predict fluid responsiveness. None declared. Download .zip (.0 MB) Help with zip files Download .zip (.0 MB) Help with zip files" @default.
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- W2022249079 title "Predictability of the respiratory variation of stroke volume varies according to the definition of fluid responsiveness" @default.
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