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• W2022258432 abstract "84Quaker History and the Parliamentary committees allowing Affirmations instead ofoaths, and as a Dublin alderman. He oversaw building plans and marriages, and handled the funds of Monthly, Quarterly and Half-Yearly Meetings, and relief between English and Irish Friends. Though wealthy, Sharp lived simply. Irish Friends did so more than Londoners, and sent their children to Quaker schools in Cumbria. His theological rebuttals, first of Catholics, and later ofAnglicans and Congregationalists, repeated the arguments of his friend William Penn, and remained in manuscript, the last gasp of what Greaves calls the Lamb's War. My only attempt to intercept Greaves upstream, through microfilms of these theological debates on supralapsarian predestination, merely validated Greaves' conclusions. Admittedly Sharp was a doer and an organizer, not a writer. Hugh BarbourArlington, Mass. In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex. By Nathaniel Philbrick. New York: Viking, 2000. xviii + 302 pp. Maps, illustrations, notes, bibliography, and index. IfMobyDickis the great American novel, then Quakers have their place in American literature assured through the appearance of a variety of characters, ranging from the parsimonious owner Bildad to the courageous and ultimately tragic first mate Starbuck. Any novel that involved Nantucket has to involve Friends. As scholars have long known, Herman Melville drew inspiration for his voyage of the Pequod from historical events, most specifically the wreck ofthe Nantucket whaler Essex in 1 820. Nathaniel Philbrickprovidesus withwhatis probablythe definitive account ofthe saga ofthe Essex and her crew. In theHeartoftheSea tells a dramatic story, anditspublicationby amajor trade publisher and selection by various book clubs speaks to the perception that itwill appeal to awide variety ofreaders. A good story andvivid writing are also here combined with good historical work. Philbrick is thorough in searching out relevant sources and judicious in interpreting them. The basic story of the Essex has long been known. Sailing from Nantucket under first-time Captain George Pollard in August 1819, the ship sought whales with mixed success in the Pacific for most ofthe year 1 820. Then on November 20, something without precedent in the history ofthe Nantucket whale fishery took place: a huge sperm whale, with as Philbrick puts it, the vindictiveness and guile ofa man, rammed and sank the ship. The crew had time to take to the boats and salvage supplies, but they found themselves a thousand miles from the nearest land. For the next three months, they tried to reach the shipping lanes. Tormented by thirst, and Book Reviews85 running low on food, they ultimately resorted to cannibalism, drawing lots to see who would die to keep the others alive. Finally, in February 1821, survivors in two ofthe whale boats were rescued to tell their tale. Philbrick's portrayal ofNantucket Quakers is critical but convincing. He finds that often they did not live up to the standards that they set for themselves. Greedy Quaker shipowners stinted crews on supplies and provisions. Quakercaptains andmates couldbe astyrannical andhardhearted as the world's people, particularly in their treatment of African Americans , who made up a largeproportion ofthe sailors on Nantucket ships. One drawback is that it is not always clearjust who among the crew is actually in membership with Friends. In the Heart ofthe Sea is not a happy story. But it is a gripping one, and one from which students of Quaker history can learn. Thomas D. HammEarlham College Public Spirit: Dissent in Witham and Essex, 1500-1700. By Janet Gyford. Witham, Essex: Janet Gyford, 1999. xli + 216 pp. Tables, graphs, maps, facsimiles, drawings, appendices, notes, bibliography, and index. Paper, £15. Within its genre of local histories written by local non-academics primarily for local readers, this book is highly attractive. Janet Gyford has spent many years researching a variety oftopics on her place ofresidence. Her previously self-pollinated books include Memoirs of Witham: Shops (1983), Domesday Witham (1985), and Witham 1500-1700: Making a Living (1996). As the title indicates, this volume gives attention to dissent in Withambutincludes appropriate developments in otherEssex towns such as Braintree, Chelmsford, Colchester, and Maldon. Most of the book is arranged chronologically around the reigns of monarchs. Normally, each chapter begins with background and ends with overview sections. Using Protestant/Catholic preambles to..." @default.
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• W2022258432 date "2001-01-01" @default.
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• W2022258432 title "<i>In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship</i> Essex (review)" @default.
• W2022258432 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/qkh.2001.0000" @default.
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