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• W2022298498 abstract "Abstract A major flow assurance challenge is the production and transport of highparaffinic crudes in offshore fields where subsea flow lines and exportpipelines are involved. The challenge is particularly great when the sea watertemperature is lower than the pour point of the crude being produced andtransported. This paper describes flow assurance issues (with emphasis onstart-up and shut-in) for handling subsea production and transportation ofparaffinic crudes. Physical performance data for crudes are needed toplan/design for start-up, shut-in, and steady state operations. Theseperformance data include cloud point, pour point, gel strength, and viscosityas a function of temperature, shear rate, and dissolved gas. Examples of thesedata for high paraffinic crudes and how they were used to design productionsystems and develop operating guidelines for start-ups and shut-ins arepresented. Examples of transient flow computations for planned productionsystems are also presented. The principle focus of the examples are for subseasystems in which the seawater temperature is below the pour point temperatureof the produced crude. Introduction In its effort to find reliable and economic sources of oil, the offshore oilindustry continues to encounter and successfully handle more and morechallenging production environments. One of these is the production of highparaffinic crudes in offshore fields where subsea flow lines and exportpipelines are involved. The challenge is particularly great when the sea watertemperature is lower than the pour point of the crude being produced andtransported. Provisions for handling flow assurance issues such as crudegelling, wax deposition control, and high viscosities must be incorporated inthe system design and operation. Since many of the possible provisions forhandling flow assurance involve significant cost, their need and potentialeffectiveness must be properly evaluated, and their application selectedwisely. The paper discusses a process for planning and designing systems for subseatransport of high paraffinic crudes. The process involves data collection toinclude measurement of the crude properties, assessment of the thermalconditions that the crude will experience, and assessment of the impact of gas, water, and terrain. With these crude property data and an estimate of the rangeof environmental conditions, one can then develop a plan to best handle theproduced crude and enable recovery from shut-ins and low flow rateconditions." @default.
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• W2022298498 date "2000-05-01" @default.
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• W2022298498 title "Start-Up and Shut-In Issues for Subsea Production of High Paraffinic Crudes" @default.
• W2022298498 doi "https://doi.org/10.4043/11967-ms" @default.
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