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- W2022339909 abstract "The term lupus anticoagulant (LAC) indicates an inhibitor of coagulation with unique features as this inhibitor does not affect activities of individual coagulation factors, its action is phospholipid dependent and its presence is rarely associated with bleeding. The abnormality is caused by autoantibodies. When Feinstein and Rapaport [ [1] Feinstein D.I. Rapaport S.I. Acquired inhibitors of blood coagulation. Prog. Hemostasis Thromb. 1972; 1: 75-95 PubMed Google Scholar ] coined the term LAC in 1972, the inhibitor was almost exclusively detected in patients with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, with the demonstration of LAC in plasma from patients with clinical conditions other than SLE (including infections, malignancies, certain drugs and different autoimmune disorders) [ [2] Espinoza L.R. Hartmann R.C. Significance of the lupus anticoagulant. Am. J. Hematol. 1986; 22: 331-337 Crossref PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar ] and early evidence that presence of LAC paradoxically associates with thrombosis [ 3 Bowie E.J.W. Thompson J.H. Pascuzzi C.A. Owen C.A. Thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus despite circulating anticoagulants. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1963; 62: 416-430 PubMed Google Scholar , 4 Mueh J.R. Herbst K.D. Rapaport S.I. Thrombosis in patients with the lupus anticoagulant. Ann. Intern. Med. 1980; 92: 156-159 Crossref PubMed Scopus (414) Google Scholar , 5 Boey M.L. Colaco C.B. Gharavi A.E. Elkon K.B. Loizou S. Hughes G.R. Thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: striking association with the presence of circulating lupus anticoagulant. Br. Med. J. 1983; 287: 1021-1023 Crossref PubMed Scopus (432) Google Scholar ], it became evident that the term LAC is in fact a misnomer [ [6] Triplett D.A. Brandt J. Laboratory identification of the lupus anticoagulant. Br. J. Haematol. 1989; 73: 139-142 Crossref PubMed Scopus (43) Google Scholar ]. Nowadays LAC is considered to be the most important acquired risk factor for (recurrent) thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity [ 7 Harris E.N. Syndrome of the black swan. Br. J. Rheumatol. 1987; 26: 324-326 Crossref PubMed Scopus (353) Google Scholar , 8 Wilson W.A. Gharavi A.E. Koike T. Lockshin M.D. Branch D.W. Piette J.C. et al. International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop. Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42: 1309-1311 Crossref PubMed Scopus (2415) Google Scholar ]. The demonstration of LAC in patients with such morbidity has consequences for (prophylactic) treatment [ 9 Khamashta M.A. Cuadrado M.J. Mujic F. Taub N.A. Hunt B.J. Hughes G.R. The management of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid–antibody syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 332: 993-997 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1408) Google Scholar , 10 Crowther M.A. Ginsberg J.S. Julian J. Denburg J. Hirsh J. Douketis J. et al. A comparison of two intensities of warfarin for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003; 349: 1133-1138 Crossref PubMed Scopus (766) Google Scholar , 11 Derksen R.H. Khamashta M. Branch D.W. management of the obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2004; 50: 1028-1039 Crossref PubMed Scopus (164) Google Scholar ]. To make a diagnosis of LAC one needs an adequate test sample, sensitive screening tests, procedures to rule out deficiencies or inhibitors of coagulation factors and procedures that show phospholipid dependency of the coagulation abnormality [ [12] Brandt J.T. Triplett D.A. Alving B. Scharrer I. Criteria for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants: an update. On behalf of the Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid Antibody of the Scientific and Standardisation Committee of the ISTH. Thromb. Haemost. 1995; 74: 1185-1190 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1242) Google Scholar ]." @default.
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- W2022339909 title "Tests for lupus anticoagulant revisited" @default.
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- W2022339909 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2004.06.009" @default.
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