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- W2022366545 abstract "Reviewed by: Science and Politics in the International Environment Alison Shaw N.E. Harrison and G. C. Bryner , eds, Science and Politics in the International Environment. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004, 357 pp. Science and Politics in the International Environment provides the reader with a valuable and long overdue examination of the increasingly pertinent environmental problems of the 21st century. As problems become global they simultaneously extend into international jurisdictions forcing a reconsideration of conventional theoretical and empirical approaches to investigating science-policy interactions. Harrison and Bryner initiate a very important line of questioning: 1) How do science and politics relate in international environmental [End Page 534] issues? 2) How does the interplay of science and politics influence international environmental policy? In addressing these questions, ten case studies ranging from BSE to acid rain, dioxin drift to climate change are presented. The books strengths are two-fold: 1) the ten case studies provide an accessible, detailed, and informative resource on diverse issues for students, scholars, and practitioners alike; 2) Science and Politics in the International Environment elucidates on the variety of ways science is contextualized in domestic and international politics without subscribing to any one theoretical approach. The book therefore becomes a central reference to begin discussions about the interaction between science and politics; the limitations of existing theoretical approaches to science-politics; the contextualization of science in politics (and vice-versa); the non-linear events that lead from signal and response (or non-response in two cases). The effort is to spark innovative thought and a re-examination of the relationships between science and politics in emerging global environmental problems. The editors, Harrison and Bryner, believe that too much attention has been focussed on theoretical models of science for policy, which they argue reduces possibilities for more nuanced empirical examination of science-policy interactions in the international sphere. They duly note that conventional theories of science for policy which assume that science drives policy and that the policy process advances in an orderly fashion is inadequate to describe the scientific uncertainty and value complexity involved in environmental issues particularly at the international scale. What is considered scientifically credible is often based on how it fits within pre-existing ideologies, cultural practices, and existing policies and who is involved in constructing and communicating particular scientific claims. As Brown notes in her analysis of the management of BSE, scientific experts' ability to influence is often a function of the bureaucratic context, politics, ideology and other institutional forces in play at the time (62). To highlight this complexity Harrison&Bryner introduce a suite of models and competing analytical strategies that have been used to examine Science and Politics independently. Popper, Kuhn, and Feyerabend are introduced to describe the theories in the philosophy of science — hypothesis-testing, social conventions on normal science, and the fundamental critique of the objectivity and rationality of science. Key aspects of political philosophy — libertarianism, liberalism, and communitarianism — are described as principal theories used for examining the goals and values of politics. Exposure to these diverse analytical strategies serves to reduce the efficacy of either an absolute Science or Politics and moves toward an introduction to the three principal models of international environmental policy making [that] reflect this subtler and less orderly view of the use of science in policy (8). These three subtler models are: 1) epistemic communities, 2) discursive practices, and 3) mutual construction. [End Page 535] The reader is encouraged to apply and build off the strengths of these models in the case studies while simultaneously questioning their efficacy in capturing the diversity and complexity of interactions. The structure of the text becomes illustrative of the editors' reticence toward a theory-driven approach for examining science and politics in the international sphere and is more resonant with a grounded-theory approach than a theoretical one. The book is broken into four sections: I) Regional Issues, II) Global Issues, III) Science and Precaution, and IV) Science, Ideas, and Culture. The ten environmental case studies range from trans-boundary river systems and biodiversity, bovine hormones and BSE, acidification of rain and lakes, deforestation, climate change, depleting fish stocks, and dioxin dispersal and highlight the complexity..." @default.
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- W2022366545 title "Science and Politics in the International Environment (review)" @default.
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- W2022366545 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/cjs.2006.0073" @default.
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