Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2022369039> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2022369039 endingPage "490" @default.
- W2022369039 startingPage "490" @default.
- W2022369039 abstract "The decline of ranid frog species native to western North America is a pattern alluded to by many workers. We review the factors cited as having caused these declines, using, as primary examples, some of the ranid species native to California. We present explicit statements of four major alternative hypotheses: 1) bullfrog introduction, 2) habitat alteration, 3) predation by intro- duced fishes, and 4) commercial exploitation. Additionally, we review data relating to four other factors suggested as having caused declines: 1) toxicants, 2) pathogens and parasites, 3) acid rain, and 4) catastrophic mortality. Notably, data do not exist that suggest that the often-invoked bullfrog hypothesis is most compelling. Some factors, like commercial exploitation, are untestable because the putative causal conditions no longer exist, whereas others, like catastrophic mortality, are dif- ficult to test because of their unpredictability. Perhaps the most neglected but potentially important alternative is predation by introduced fishes. Existing data cannot distinguish adequately among three major testable alternatives: bullfrogs, habitat alteration, and introduced fish predation. In the absence of satisfactory data, the chronological priority of fish introductions over those of bullfrogs and the greater access fish may have to earlier ranid life stages make the fish predation hypothesis more compelling. Several alternative hypotheses are confounded because existing correlative data support at least two alternatives equally well. Manipulations of testable alternatives are imperative to distinguish causal factors. Over a century ago, Lockington (1879) observed that populations of Rana au- rora in the vicinity of San Francisco were diminishing. Since that time, investi- gators have repeatedly suggested that nearly every ranid frog species native to western North America has experi-" @default.
- W2022369039 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2022369039 creator A5003754787 @default.
- W2022369039 creator A5044396663 @default.
- W2022369039 date "1986-12-01" @default.
- W2022369039 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2022369039 title "Decline of Ranid Frog Species in Western North America: Are Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) Responsible?" @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1026626893 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W112864985 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1465336294 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1578236174 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1597308453 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1748302028 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1971592550 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1972445757 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1974780859 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1974885376 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1976953729 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1977798800 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1984231039 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1986373953 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1987334894 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1987790565 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1988299368 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1993304926 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1993502557 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1998245410 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W1999596066 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2002152595 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2004768931 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2009129396 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2010260636 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2012769247 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2014694302 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2018875893 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2022639014 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2023142216 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2025335832 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2034339009 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2041102418 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2041891489 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2044260459 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2045977940 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2048127109 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2051003474 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2059205282 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2059717211 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2061678552 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2063343608 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2064240931 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2065648895 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2067768494 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2073846637 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2079033490 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2080338026 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2080834957 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2085038835 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2087735954 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2089803713 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2089934050 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2091631810 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2097958727 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2099298549 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2102105941 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2107872983 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2161348563 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2161919081 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2163957612 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2168883256 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2169165331 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2170914319 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2224755156 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2238975390 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2291296214 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2297709164 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2297844141 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2300996685 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2313593702 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2314777675 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2315100345 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2315353240 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2315653457 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2315784325 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2316349766 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2316967677 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2318041241 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2318438214 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2318651994 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2319653188 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2319956115 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2322494706 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2325013378 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2325721777 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2326627033 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2326878963 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2326983792 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2327637758 @default.
- W2022369039 cites W2328058230 @default.