FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2022397967> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2022397967 abstract "The accompanying article of Horo witz et al. concluded with the view that the COSPAR recommendations re garding Mars should be adjusted to re flect new environmental information. Specifically, it was concluded that viable terrestrial microorganisms which are transported to Mars inside solid components in sealed spaces have a low probability of being released to the sur face or atmosphere, and that, if any are released, they are not likely to in fect the planet. We suggest, in addition, that both the COSPAR recommenda tions and U.S. planetary quarantine policy should be altered to take into account past and continuing Soviet prac tice regarding the. exploration of Mars and Venus. No amount of analysis by COSPAR, or of costly, self-imposed restrictions by the U.S. on its own planetary exploration program, can reduce the probability of contamination of either Venus or Mars below what the Soviets have already made it, or will make it as they continue their large planetary effort. All that U.S. policy can accomplish is to insure that U.S. efforts do not significantly increase the probability above that level. Any rec ommended policy which would require the U.S. to apply significantly more stringent restrictions is illogical in that, in effect, the U.S. would be asked to increase greatly the cost and complexity of its planetary program without achieving any significant reduction in the probability of actual contamination. There exists some parallelism be tween the problem of planetary quaran tine and that of radioactive fallout from atmospheric nuclear testing, al though the desirable solution to the quarantine problem is not merely to stop all activity. Both are multilateral problems, and individual national policy necessarily must reflect the policy of other nations. Thus, the real questions that must be faced by COSPAR, and by the U.S., are, (i) What is the prob able number of viable terrestrial micro organisms alreadyr transported to Venus and to Mars? and (ii) What is the to tal number to be expected in the next decade or so from foreseeable Soviet efforts alone? Then COSPAR can rec ommend, and the U.S. can decide, that the total U.S. contribution should be equal to some specified fraction of the total present and future Soviet contribu tion. This approach in turn suggests that every effort should be made to induce the Soviets to supply additional de tails on the Zond 2 and Venus 3 mis sion and trajectory and, particularly, on the procedure used for sterilizing the components and assembly of both space craft. With such information, the proba ble number of viable terrestrial microor ganisms deposited on Venus and Mars could be estimated well enough to per mit a. realistic quantitative analysis of what U.S. policy and practice should be. However, if more complete informa tion on Soviet practice cannot be ob tained, then, it seems to us, the U.S. has no logical alternative but to per mit greater engineering freedom in lander delivery technique and to ac cept gaseous and other nonthermal sterilization procedures, where neces sary, in its own program. By relying on the demonstrated U.S. spacecraft reliability to insure that the U.S. con tribution to planetary contamination will remain significantly less than the Soviet contribution, we could reduce significantly the cost and time required to carry out serious scientific investiga tions of the surfaces of Venus and Mars." @default.
• W2022397967 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2022397967 creator A5063818534 @default.
• W2022397967 creator A5088613905 @default.
• W2022397967 creator A5089528279 @default.
• W2022397967 date "1967-03-24" @default.
• W2022397967 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
• W2022397967 title "Planetary Contamination II: Soviet and U.S. Practices and Policies" @default.
• W2022397967 cites W2094529930 @default.
• W2022397967 doi "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.155.3769.1505" @default.
• W2022397967 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17830038" @default.
• W2022397967 hasPublicationYear "1967" @default.
• W2022397967 type Work @default.
• W2022397967 sameAs 2022397967 @default.
• W2022397967 citedByCount "16" @default.
• W2022397967 countsByYear W20223979672012 @default.
• W2022397967 countsByYear W20223979672015 @default.
• W2022397967 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2022397967 hasAuthorship W2022397967A5063818534 @default.
• W2022397967 hasAuthorship W2022397967A5088613905 @default.
• W2022397967 hasAuthorship W2022397967A5089528279 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C121332964 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C1276947 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C149086130 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C153294291 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C18903297 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C2779900269 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C2781402358 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C39432304 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C51244244 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C65440619 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C83260615 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConcept C87355193 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C121332964 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C1276947 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C149086130 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C153294291 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C18903297 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C2779900269 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C2781402358 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C39432304 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C41008148 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C51244244 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C65440619 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C83260615 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C86803240 @default.
• W2022397967 hasConceptScore W2022397967C87355193 @default.
• W2022397967 hasLocation W20223979671 @default.
• W2022397967 hasLocation W20223979672 @default.
• W2022397967 hasOpenAccess W2022397967 @default.
• W2022397967 hasPrimaryLocation W20223979671 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W1182901863 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W1665076447 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W1932304676 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W1975650645 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W1981685423 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W2081250338 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W2085098601 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W2093819860 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W2205064880 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W2342505238 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W245025983 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W262233449 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W266564822 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W2941617191 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W2957137297 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W2991329755 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W3013478447 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W3161785244 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W3172265950 @default.
• W2022397967 hasRelatedWork W63831132 @default.
• W2022397967 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2022397967 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2022397967 magId "2022397967" @default.
• W2022397967 workType "article" @default.