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- W2022602247 abstract "This study evaluated the effects of water hardness and humic acid (HA) on the acute and chronic toxicity of copper to Daphnia pulex and on its accumulation by D. magna. Hardness had little effect on either the acute (3-day) or the chronic (42-day) toxicity of copper. Humic acid significantly reduced both the acute and chronic toxicity of copper when added to waters having hardnesses of 58, 115 and 230 mg l−1 as CaCO3. The effect, per unit of HA, on chronic toxicity was very similar for soft and medium water but less in hard water. At each of two HA concentrations, copper was chronically more toxic in hard water than in either medium or soft water. Bioaccumulation of copper varied with relative hardness and HA concentration and this was further affected by age at exposure. For 1-day-old animals, an increase in either hardness or HA- or any combination of the two, tended to decrease bioaccumulation. Results for 7-day-old animals were in general agreement except for animals exposed to copper in hard water at an intermediate HA concentration. These animals accumulated significantly more copper in the presence of HA. This agrees with the fact that this concentration of HA also increased the chronic toxicity of copper in hard water. Both of those phenomena are probably due to the displacement of Cu2+ from HA by competition from the increased concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. The fact that HA had the opposite effect on copper accumulation by young animals in hard water could not be explained." @default.
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- W2022602247 title "Bioaccumulation and toxicity of copper as affected by interactions between humic acid and water hardness" @default.
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- W2022602247 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(85)90036-3" @default.
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