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- W2022642456 abstract "Cemented carbide production is via normal powder metallurgy processes. Cobalt is the most common “cement” and commercial paraffin is the most common pressing lubricant. Production furnaces for processing cemented carbide have evolved from simple hydrogen atmosphere furnaces to complex, specialized, multi-chamber vacuum furnaces. The workhorse of the industry today is semi-batch equipment, carousel-like, in which loads are lowered from a loading chamber onto an indexing table in a large cylindrical vacuum tank, and successively rotated and raised into a dewax furnace, then a sinter furnace, and into cooling, before being finally unloaded from the initial loading chamber. While having excellent capacity per investment dollar or per labor dollar, such equipment lacks process flexibility, and loss of a single component can stop the whole process. In 1964 a single chamber design was conceived, inherently more simple, with good flexibility, and lower incremental investment. A prototype was built and tested in 1965, and by 1966 the first two production furnaces were in operation. Many such furnaces are now in operation, and more are currently being installed. The removal of the pressing lubricant from the reaction zone is critical to the maintenance of the carbon balance required. While its removal is relatively easy in a hydrogen furnace, it is physically more difficult in vacuum. Reference to a Cox chart will permit design of a reasonably efficient system. Each of the seven major chemical and physical reactions which occur in converting the powder metal compact to a fully dense “hard metal” part, must be taken into account in the design of production equipment. Liquid phase sintering consists of densification, homogenization, and controlled grain growth. Equations have been developed expressing grain growth as a time-temperature function. Time-temperature profile surveys have been used to determine isotherms, and isograin growth lines, to provide closely controlled sintering." @default.
- W2022642456 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2022642456 date "1970-11-01" @default.
- W2022642456 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2022642456 title "Design and Operation of a One-Chamber Vacuum Furnace for Dewax, Presinter, and Sinter of Cemented Carbide" @default.
- W2022642456 doi "https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1315909" @default.
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