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- W2022675074 abstract "Vol. 116, No. 5 PerspectivesOpen AccessCryptorchidism: Effects of Maternal Diabetes or PBDEs Gavin W. ten Tusscher and Janna G. Koppe Gavin W. ten Tusscher Search for more papers by this author and Janna G. Koppe Search for more papers by this author Published:1 May 2008https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11096AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit It was with great interest that we read the article by Main et al. (2007) regarding polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and cryptochordism, and we are impressed with the data in humans. Main et al. stated that the concentration of PBDEs in breast milk was significantly higher in boys with cryptorchidism compared with controls. It is certainly possible that there is a link between fetal PBDE exposure and cryptorchidism; however, we noted that the cohort included children of diabetic mothers. Of the 33 boys with cryptorchidism, 4 in the Finnish group and 1 of 28 in the Danish breast milk–sample group had diabetic mothers. It is widely known that diabetes is a major cause of congenital malformations, and these malformations are dependent on the severity of the diabetes. Therefore, you cannot simply match by diabetes between cases and controls. In a study of 173 mothers with diabetes, we found that 10% of the offspring had congenital malformations related to the severity of the diabetes, classified according to the Priscilla White classification (Koppe et al. 1983). Virtanen et al. (2006), together with Main, published a study reporting an increased risk of cryptorchidism following mild gestational diabetes. In our opinion, the cases of mothers with diabetes should be excluded from analysis of congenital malformations, both in the breast milk group and the placenta group reported by Main et al. (2007).The group of mothers with diabetes is in itself an interesting group. Are the placenta and breast milk levels of PBDEs or the fat content different between the diabetic cases and the others?In general, because most PBDEs have phenobarbital-like effects, it seems plausible that they should cause an increase in congenital malformations, such as is seen with phenobarbital (Dessens et al. 1994; Koppe et al. 1973).ReferencesDessens AB, Boer K, Koppe JG, van de Poll NE, Cohen-Kettenis PT. 1994. Studies on long-lasting consequences of prenatal exposure to anticonvulsant drugs. Acta Paediatr Suppl 404:54-647531043. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarKoppe JG, Bosman W, Oppers VM, Spaans F, Kloosterman GJ. 1973. Epilepsy and congenital anomalies [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 117:220-2244726754. Medline, Google ScholarKoppe JG, Smorenberg-Schoorl ME, van den Berg-Loonen EM, Mills JL, Stern L, Bard H, Friis-Hansen B. 1983. Diabetes, congenital malformations, and HLA-Type. Intensive Care in the Newborn, IVNew YorkMasson Publishing15-18. Google ScholarMain KM, Kiviranta H, Virtanen HE, Sundqvist E, Tuomisto JT, Tuomisto Jet al.. 2007. Flame retardants in placenta and breast milk and cryptorchidism in newborn boys. Environ Health Perspect 115:1519-152617938745. Link, Google ScholarVirtanen HE, Tappanainen AE, Kaleva MM, Suomi AM, Main KM, Skakkebaek NEet al.. 2006. Mild gestational diabetes as a risk factor for congenital cryptorchidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:4862-486517032715. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 116, No. 5 May 2008Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 May 2008Published in print1 May 2008 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days." @default.
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- W2022675074 title "Cryptorchidism: Effects of Maternal Diabetes or PBDEs" @default.
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