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• W202268293 abstract "The delivery of social services by non-governmental agencies has been a part of public program relationships for most of Twentieth Century. Moreover, its importance as an option for local government has increased sharply since severe reductions of federal aid during Reagan administration. Today majority of publicly funded drug and alcohol abuse services is contracted out by local governments. After a review of experience with harnessing private sector to solve social problem Marc Bendrick (1984:140) wrote, the most disappointing finding ... is prevalence of unsubstantiated claims. A good deal has been published since then regarding this topic; however, there is still uncertainty regarding advantages and disadvantages of contracting for such services and a lack of reliable principles and expectations. The present study seeks to add some empirical experience to on-going discussion of government contracting for social services and clarify expectations regarding social service delivery by local government and nonprofit contractors. The authors have conducted a two-year study of drug and alcohol abuse services delivered by both a government clinic and contracting agencies in a large California county. They have taken a largely qualitative approach to assessing service output as well as quality of program management. The major purpose of this study was to test certain assumptions and assertions contained in recent writing about government contracting out. During past 20 years, contracting out to both business and nonprofits has been fastest growing forms of social services delivery. An International City Management Association (ICMA) survey reported that 58% of cities and counties studied contracted out mental health services and 55.2% contracted out drug and alcohol abuse services (Ferris and Graddy, 1986:336). For both kinds of services, only about 20% of local governments surveyed produced services with public employees and balance (about 22%) used a combination of contracting out and direct government delivery (Ibid.). According to survey, 61% of local governments' contracts for drug and alcohol services went to nonprofit organizations and 8.8% to private business (Ibid., 341). In county studied, 70% of public funded substance abuse treatment and prevention services were contracted out while 30% were directly delivered by a county clinic. The search for principles with which to understand such contracting arrangements has lead to an often inconsistent variety of ideas. LITERATURE REVIEW Recent conservative political thought looms large over landscape of government contracting. An early voice arguing for government to pay private contractors for public services was Peter Drucker (1989:61) who claims to have coined term, privatization. He stated its underlying philosophy in these terms: Whatever non-government organizations can do better, or can do just as well, should not be done by government at all (Ibid., 68). According to Drucker, such work should be done by competing outside contractors to government standards. E.S. Savas (1982) articulated more in way of a rationale for this point of view, basic tenet of which was that a government monopoly cannot produce things efficiently or effectively. Savas argues that this is because a lack of market discipline and competition promotes waste and poor quality. However, proposition that private sector can necessarily produce public services at lower cost has been challenged by a number of researchers (e.g., DeHoog, 1984; Lipsky and Smith, 1989-90:637; Thayer, 1987; Donahue, 1989). In current usage, privatization is an imprecise term. In addition to government contracting with private entities, in its purest form privatization is load shedding (Savas, 1982) wherein government relinquishes its responsibility and transactions are made directly between vendors and recipients (Wood, 1992:496). …" @default.
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• W202268293 title "Implementation Research on Contracting for Social Services Delivery: Testing Some Assumptions in a County Substance Abuse Services Program" @default.
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