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• W2022943764 abstract "Existence of lymphatics has been known since ancient times. Hippocrates mentioned them as vessels containing “white blood”; Aristotle as channels with “colorless liquid.” It remained as the ignored vascular system until it was rediscovered by Aselli in 1627, who observed, during postmortem dissection of well fed dogs, white ductus in the mesentery: the intestinal lymphatics. Pecquet, in 1651, discovered chyle-containing lymph vessels in humans and in 1652 with Van Horn described the cisterna chyli. Although Vesalius had discovered the ductus thoracicus (“vena alba thoracica”), its importance was not recognized until the work of Rudbeck (1950–51). This scientist, among many important contributors, was the first to state the relation of “chylous vessels” and the thoracic duct, to establish the termination of the ductus thoracicus in the venous system, to describe the lymphatic valves, and to speculate about the pathogenesis of ascites and edema as manifestations of lymph vessel obstruction. Historically, he is considered the first to recognize the importance of the lymphatic system. His monograph published in 1653 is remarkably accurate in its many descriptions and conceptions. History tells us Thomas Bartholinus disproved the theory that blood was formed in the liver. It was in 1616 that William Harvey first spoke in public of the circulation of the blood. Since that time, the lymphatic system has been relegated to the cardiovascular system. Anton Nuck in 1692 injected mercury into the lymphatics and in this way provided a new method for anatomic studies of the human lymphatic system. During the course of time Lymphology has evolved as the science of the lymphatic system. It includes the study of lymph, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes. It is known that lymph from different organs and anatomic regions and in different physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions varies in its composition. Uncontrolled loss of lymph, such as follows thoracic duct cannulation and external lymphorrhea, may lead to irreversible shock and death. Lymph vessels are not simple conduits which passively transport the lymph. They actively hypertrophy, proliferate, and expand, attempting to compensate whenever there is increased lymph formation (in liver cirrhosis, for example), in certain conditions with inadequacy in venous function, and when a traumatic insult destroys lymph channels and nodes. Lymph nodes are not simple filters interposed in the course of the lymph. They are dynamic structures engaged in storage, phagocytosis, lymphocytogenesis, and immunogenesis. They have been anatomically defined as lymphatic tissue with two microscopic constituents (reticular tissue of fibers and cells in the mesh of which there are free cell elements) connected to vessels by afferent and efferent channels and perfused by lymph." @default.
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• W2022943764 date "1968-02-01" @default.
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• W2022943764 title "The Forgotten System and a New International Medical Society" @default.
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