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• W202308251 abstract "Abstract The Community Service Self-Efficacy Scale (CSSES) measures the person's confidence in his or her own ability to make clinically significant contributions to the community through service. In the first section, research supporting self-efficacy theory is reviewed, the relevance of self-efficacy to service-learning is discussed, and the rationale for developing the CSSES is provided. The second section reviews empirical research on the reliability and validity of this psychometric instrument. The third section provides recommendations for future research. A final section provides summary and conclusion. Introduction The CSSES was developed and validated by Reeb, Katsuyama, Sammon, and Yoder (1998) to be used in service-learning research and program evaluation. This psychometric instrument (see Table 1) measures ...the individual's confidence in his or her own ability to make clinically significant contributions to the community through (p. 48). For each item on this 10-item scale, scores range from 1 (quite uncertain) to 10 (certain). In critique of psychometric instruments in service-learning research, Bringle, Phillips, and Hudson (2004) conclude that ...the CSSES is significant as scale developed for service learning with good theoretical rationale, promising psychometric characteristics, and potential utility as moderator variable, mediating variable, and outcome variable (pp. 101-102). See issue website http://rapidintellect.com/AEQweb/spr2006.htm The first section of this paper provides overview of theory and research pertaining to self-efficacy, discusses the relevance of the self-efficacy construct to service-learning, and presents the rationale for developing the CSSES. The second section reviews empirical research examining the reliability and validity of this psychometric instrument. The third section provides recommendations for future research examining the psychometric properties and practical utility of this measure. The fourth section provides summary and conclusion. I. Theoretical Background and Rationale Self-Efficacy Construct: Research and Theory Self-efficacy, theoretical construct derived from Bandura's social-cognitive theory, is defined as follows: an expectation of personal mastery... (1977, p. 191); self-appraisal of operative capability (1982, p. 123); a conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce [desired] outcomes(1977, p. 193); or '...a belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations (1995, p. 2). As reviewed by Bandura (1997), decades of research support his original hypothesis that ...expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior is initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences... (1977, p. 191). In addition, across variety of situations, circumstances, and populations, the following pattern of findings is obtained: First, self-efficacy for coping in given situation tends to improve as individual receives intervention designed to enhance coping competence. Second, while post-intervention self-efficacy is positively correlated with future performance accomplishments in the situation, it is inversely related to anxiety (and other debilitating emotions) during performance. Third, relative to individual's actual performance attainments during intervention, the person's post-intervention self-efficacy level is better predictor of subsequent performance accomplishments (Bandura, 1997), further suggesting that self-efficacy plays major role in the initiation and persistence of coping behavior. To conceptualize developmental changes in self-efficacy, Bandura (1978) proposed the principle of reciprocal determinism, which maintains that self-efficacy, behavior, and environmental factors transact and influence one another in bidirectional fashion. …" @default.
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• W202308251 title "Community Service Self-Efficacy: Research Review" @default.
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