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• W2023184072 abstract "Reviewed by: The Art, Science, and Technology of Medieval Travel Kristen M. Figg (bio) The Art, Science, and Technology of Medieval Travel. Edited by Robert Bork and Andrea Kann. Aldershot, Hants, and Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2008. Pp. xiv+225. $99.95. In this collection of thirteen essays, Robert Bork and Andrea Kann have brought together four travel-related topics that help us explore the dialog between theories and practices of travel (p. 7) and understand the importance of travel in catalyzing fruitful medieval developments in artistic, scientific, and technical fields (p. 13). Divided into sections entitled Medieval Vehicles and Logistics, Medieval Travel and the Arts, Medieval Maps and Their Uses, and Medieval Navigational Instruments, the volume does not purport to be comprehensive even within individual sections, but rather offers snapshots of specific logistical situations, material developments, and theoretical viewpoints that suggest larger patterns in the relationships between cultural attitudes, travel practices, and technological advance. As might be expected, not every essay addresses every variable—and indeed the reader may feel a mental jolt when moving from an essay on transporting bricks in England to others on portal decoration, frescoes, and psalter illustration in Italy and France. But together the chapters do offer the reader a chance to sample both the imaginative and practical aspects of medieval travel, reminding us at the very least that medieval technology developed in response to social impulses quite different from our own. For those interested in the specific cultural forces that led to the development and use of roads, waterways, conveyances, and navigational instruments, the first and last sections of the book will be most satisfying. At the beginning, Bernard S. Bachrach's essay on Carolingian Military Operations describes how Charlemagne and his successors gave their armies a distinct logistical advantage by distributing foodstuffs by means of surviving Roman roads enhanced through mapping, regulations, and a new technology for watertight royal war-carts. In contrast to this early impulse toward standardization, John E. Dotson's essay on Mediterranean ship design from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries describes how new types of vessels resulted from the desire to combine features of fast, narrow, oar-powered warships (galleys) and slow, broad, sail-powered merchant ships (round ships) (p. 31) in order to achieve optimum cargo capacity, safety, and frequency of usage. Julian Munby, in From Carriage to Coach, concludes that the great transport revolution of the sixteenth century, when carriages that had mainly transported women were replaced by coaches carrying passengers of both genders, involved no substantial change in the technology of the vehicle itself; in this case, the tendency for men to stop traveling by horseback was sociological, and the technological improvements (sprung suspension and glazed windows) would come a century later. On the other hand, David Kennett finds that brick and other building materials [End Page 499] were transported by road, rather than by water, more often than previously believed, simply because of local conditions, not culture. While the second section of the book will be of less direct interest to readers following developments in technology, it does provide an important framework for understanding the medieval cultural environment. Pilgrims and Portals in Late Medieval Siena describes how city walls might be used symbolically to create communal identity in a city located on a major pilgrimage highway, while The Strange Lands of Ambrogio Lorenzetti explains the impulse to paint alien peoples as a way of emphasizing the city's successful mercantile and missionary enterprises. Concluding with Spiritual Pilgrimage in the Psalter of Bonne of Luxembourg, this group of essays leads logically into the theoretical discussion of maps that begins, in section 3, with Nigel Hiscock's review of how the Christian Platonist worldview influenced concepts of space. More specifically, Dan Terkla examines how a particular theoretical map, the Hereford Mappa Mundi, might have been presented to contemporary audiences. Focusing on real travel, Nick Millea's study of the Gough Map, the earliest surviving route map of England, uses digitized image-capture to draw conclusions about the map's origins and function, while Evelyn Edson describes how Petrarch used both theoretical and geographical maps to write a travel guide to the Holy Land. In the book's..." @default.
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• W2023184072 title "<i>The Art, Science, and Technology of Medieval Travel</i> (review)" @default.
• W2023184072 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.0.0460" @default.
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