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- W2023184104 abstract "Sulfur fluxes and δ34S values were determined in two acidified small watersheds located near the Czech–German border, Central Europe. Sulfur of sulfate aerosol in the broader region (mean δ34S of 7.5‰ CDT) was isotopically heavier than sulfur of airborne SO2 (mean δ34S of 4.7‰). The annual atmospheric S deposition to the Jezeřı́ watershed decreased markedly in 1993, 1994, and 1995 (40, 33, and 29 kg/ ha · yr), reflecting reductions in industrial S emissions. Sulfur export from Jezeří via surface discharge was twice atmospheric inputs, and increased from 52 to 58 to 85 kg/ha · yr over the same three-year period. The δ34S value of Jezeřı́ streamflow was 4.5 ± 0.3‰, intermediate between the average atmospheric deposition (5.4 ± 0.2‰) and soil S (4.0 ± 0.5‰), suggesting that the excess sulfate in runoff comes from release of S from the soil. Bedrock is not a plausible source of the excess S, because its S concentration is very low (<0.003 wt.%) and because its δ34S value is too high (5.8‰) to be consistent with the δ34S of runoff. A sulfur isotope mixing model indicated that release of soil S accounted for 64 ± 33% of sulfate S in Jezeřı́ discharge. Approximately 30% of total sulfate S in the discharge were organically cycled. At Načetı́n, the same sequence of δ34SIN > δ34SOUT > δ34SSOIL was observed. The seasonality found in atmospheric input (higher δ34S in summer, lower δ34S in winter) was preserved in shallow (<10 cm) soil water, but not in deeper soil water. δ34S values of deeper (>10 cm) soil water (4.8 ± 0.2‰) were intermediate between those of atmospheric input (5.9 ± 0.3‰) and Nac̆etín soils (2.4 ± 0.1‰), again suggesting that remobilization of soil S accounts for a significant fraction (roughly 40 ± 10%) of the S in soil water at Načetı́n. The inventories of soil S at both of these sites are legacies of more intense atmospheric pollution during previous decades, and are large enough (740 and 1500 kg S/ha at Jezeřı́ and Načetı́n, respectively) to supply significant sulfur fluxes to runoff for several more decades. The ongoing release of this stored soil S may significantly delay the recovery of water quality under declining atmospheric S deposition. Analysis of possible scenarios that would result in different S isotope composition of rainfall, runoff and soil suggested that biologic S isotope fractionation must be involved. Mineralization of organic soil S was recorded in two opposite but complementary vertical isotope trends: while soil water had lower δ34S values in deeper horizons, bulk soil had higher δ34S values in deeper horizons." @default.
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- W2023184104 date "2000-02-01" @default.
- W2023184104 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2023184104 title "Sulfur isotope dynamics in two central european watersheds affected by high atmospheric deposition of SOx" @default.
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- W2023184104 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00298-7" @default.
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