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- W2023191750 abstract "In Response: We enjoy the opportunity to reply the objections from Dr. Lang relating to our new technique of ultrasonographic guided 3-in-1 blocks. It is true that the concept of localizing neural structures is not new. Our study group investigated the use of ultrasound (US) for regional anesthesia. Kapral et al. [1] observed a larger extent of block by using ultrasound for brachial plexus anesthesia. For stellate ganglion block, Kapral et al. [2] proved that direct visualization of the local anesthetic depot allows one to avoid side effects, as well as typical complications of stellate ganglion block. We agree with Lang that the single most important factor in the success or failure rate of any nerve block is where the local anesthetic is injected. One important finding of our study [3] is the possibility to visualize the femoral nerve by using US. This allows an exact positioning of the cannula tip and injection of the local anesthetic as close as possible to the femoral nerve. This is responsible for the faster onset time and the better quality of sensory blockade achieved with this technique compared with the nerve stimulator (NS) technique [3]. In addition, direct visualization of the spread of local anesthetic is useful in cases in which the cannula tip is not positioned in the right fascial space. In these cases, repositioning of the cannula tip is possible. Many authors use large amounts of local anesthetic to perform 3-in-1 blocks [4-6]. We observed excellent blocks by using 20 mL of local anesthetic under US guidance. While one study tries to prove that the obturator nerve has no consistent cutaneous sensory contribution to the thigh [7], other authors [8,9] do not agree with this hypothesis. Lang et al. [7] observed accidental motor block by blocking the sciatic nerve with a parasacral approach, but the obturatur nerve has many anatomical variations [9]. Therefore, it is possible that the obturator nerve can be blocked by using different approaches. We do not agree that we used inadequate methology when assessing blockade of the obturator nerve. The obturator nerve has a consistent cutaneous sensory contribution to the thigh [9]. In our study, evaluation of the motor blockade was not possible because all our patients had hip fractures, and we wanted to avoid possible further dislocation of the fracture. In summary, US guidance for 3-in-1 blocks is not only useful in cases in which the anatomical landmarks are difficult to identify. We also avoided accidental intravascular or intraneural [10] punctures. Despite the fact that our study was not blind, the results of our study [3] are highly significant in terms of onset time and quality of sensory block. Peter Marhofer, MD Stefan Kapral, MD Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care Medicine; University of Vienna; A-1090 Vienna, Austria" @default.
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- W2023191750 date "1998-05-01" @default.
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- W2023191750 title "Ultrasound and the Femoral Three-in-One Nerve Block" @default.
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- W2023191750 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199805000-00054" @default.
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