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• W2023245411 abstract "PURPOSE: The culture of high-school and collegiate wrestling continues to value freedom to lose unsafe amounts of weight in order to wrestle at a weight class lower than what is safe for the athlete. Prior to the season, body fat is assessed by skinfolds, but many governing bodies permit an appeal using hydrodensitometry. Accuracy in hydrodensitometry presumes cooperation by the subject. A wrestler who wishes to compete at a lower weight class than is permitted by the rules is motivated to demonstrate a falsely high body fat percentage. By purposely altering the respiratory manuevers of hydrodensitometry, the athlete can achieve this result. This study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of hydrodensitometry to this intentional error. METHODS: Eighteen collegiate athletes volunteered to participate in this study. Body composition was estimated by two skinfold procedures: the 3-fold method of Lohman commonly used in the initial certification process and the 10-fold method of Brozek and Keyes. Hydrodensitometry was performed with three methods. Two of these used an estimate of RV from a vital capacity measured before immersion. In the first series the subject made an honest attempt at maximal exhalation prior to recording the underwater weight. In the second series, the subject was coached to exhale less than maximally during the weighing procedure. In the third method, the true RV was measured using helium-dilution initiated at the same moment that the underwater weight was recorded. RESULTS: By intentionally exhaling less than maximally during the respiratory maneuver, subjects were able to raise their apparent body fat by 4.0% (from 11.5% to 15.5%) in comparison with the 3-fold method, and by 2.9% in comparison with the value by measured RV. If the manipulated data are used to calculate the allowable weight loss, these athletes would achieve an average body fat content of 2.6%. This is well below the established minimum safe values of 7% for high school wrestlers and 5% for collegiate wrestlers. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the susceptibility of hydrodensitometry using estimated residual volume. Since this procedure is accepted by most governing bodies for the sport of wrestling, results achieved for wrestlers in this way must be interpreted with great care." @default.
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• W2023245411 date "2010-05-01" @default.
• W2023245411 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2023245411 title "Suscceptibility of Hydrostatic Weighing to Intentional Error in Weight Certification Use for Wrestlers" @default.
• W2023245411 doi "https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000385717.57488.b6" @default.
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