Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2023247620> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2023247620 endingPage "1720" @default.
- W2023247620 startingPage "1715" @default.
- W2023247620 abstract "Approximately 56,000 individuals in the US acquire HIV annually [1, 2]. Newly-infected persons are highly infectious during the first 2–4 months following HIV acquisition—a period known as acute HIV infection (AHI)—and consequently contribute disproportionately to HIV transmissions. In this paper, we discuss a conceptual model that incorporates interventions specifically targeting AHI that have the potential to greatly decrease new HIV infections.Two important properties distinguish acute HIV infection from the later, chronic stage of HIV infection. First, AHI is characterized by exceptionally high levels of virus circulating in the blood and in the genital tract [3–9]. Plasma and genital tract viral load levels are positively correlated with the risk of sexual transmission [4, 5, 10]. The high-level viremia observed during acute infection results in greatly increased risks of HIV transmission during sexual or syringe-sharing activities.The risk of transmission during acute HIV infection is approximately 8–22 times greater, on a per-act basis, than it is during the subsequent period of chronic infection [5, 11]. Consequently, and despite the relatively brief period during which persons are acutely-infected, the acute period of infection plays a disproportionate role in fueling nascent epidemics and sustaining more mature epidemics [12–16]. Simulation and mathematical models of the mature epidemics in the UK and US suggest that between 10 and 20% of sexually-transmitted infections can be attributed to acute-phase transmission [12, 17]. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses of persons with recent infection in England and Quebec suggest that 25–50% of recently-acquired infections are due to transmission during the early or acute-phase of HIV infection [13, 16].The second distinguishing characteristic of AHI is that antibodies against HIV are not detectable during much of the acute period of infection. Formation of HIV antibodies usually occurs 2–4 weeks after HIV is acquired [7, 18]. Antibody levels detectable by standard enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA, ELISA) screening tests are not reliably present until 4–8 weeks after infection. As a consequence, acutely-infected individuals usually have negative or indeterminate antibody test results [3, 18]. Current HIV screening strategies mainly rely on HIV antibody tests. Unfortunately, even the most aggressive antibody-based testing strategy will fail to identify HIV-infected individuals during AHI, when the risk of onward transmission is greatest.The annual incidence of new HIV infections in the US has remained relatively constant for more than a decade [1]. To reduce HIV incidence below the current plateau, innovative HIV prevention strategies are needed, including interventions to increase AHI diagnoses and prevent transmission of the virus during AHI. Currently, accurate diagnosis of AHI requires the use of HIV nucleic acid amplification tests that detect the presence of HIV RNA, rather than antibodies against the virus. We have developed a conceptual model of potential targets of AHI-specific interventions to increase AHI diagnoses and to reduce HIV transmission through a combination of increased RNA testing in both public health and clinical settings; education of at-risk individuals, health care providers, and HIV counselors; and implementation of timely and efficient partner notification programs." @default.
- W2023247620 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2023247620 creator A5048424052 @default.
- W2023247620 creator A5058809121 @default.
- W2023247620 date "2010-12-25" @default.
- W2023247620 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
- W2023247620 title "A Conceptual Model of Interventions to Increase Diagnosis of Acute HIV Infection and Reduce Forward Transmission" @default.
- W2023247620 cites W122751473 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W1975859313 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W1997341791 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2004874443 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2008806651 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2008972159 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2035711802 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2046513662 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2054778547 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2059190492 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2075247451 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2082888620 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2087964807 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2100371493 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2111047052 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2111518016 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2119019497 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2121811435 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2126141460 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2132640321 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2140797103 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2144278810 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2147547300 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2160226661 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2162990662 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2164073211 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2170773443 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2171486852 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2171689424 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2182777591 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2314893245 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2318753592 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2322028936 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2336115893 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W2400510399 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W4214514832 @default.
- W2023247620 cites W4244722803 @default.
- W2023247620 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9867-9" @default.
- W2023247620 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3120932" @default.
- W2023247620 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21188490" @default.
- W2023247620 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
- W2023247620 type Work @default.
- W2023247620 sameAs 2023247620 @default.
- W2023247620 citedByCount "4" @default.
- W2023247620 countsByYear W20232476202014 @default.
- W2023247620 countsByYear W20232476202017 @default.
- W2023247620 countsByYear W20232476202023 @default.
- W2023247620 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W2023247620 hasAuthorship W2023247620A5048424052 @default.
- W2023247620 hasAuthorship W2023247620A5058809121 @default.
- W2023247620 hasBestOaLocation W20232476202 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C118552586 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C138816342 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C155164915 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C159047783 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C159110408 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C177713679 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C27415008 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C2994107952 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C3013748606 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C761482 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C76155785 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConcept C99454951 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C118552586 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C138816342 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C155164915 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C159047783 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C159110408 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C177713679 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C27415008 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C2994107952 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C3013748606 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C41008148 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C71924100 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C761482 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C76155785 @default.
- W2023247620 hasConceptScore W2023247620C99454951 @default.
- W2023247620 hasIssue "8" @default.
- W2023247620 hasLocation W20232476201 @default.
- W2023247620 hasLocation W20232476202 @default.
- W2023247620 hasLocation W20232476203 @default.
- W2023247620 hasLocation W20232476204 @default.
- W2023247620 hasOpenAccess W2023247620 @default.
- W2023247620 hasPrimaryLocation W20232476201 @default.
- W2023247620 hasRelatedWork W1968572419 @default.
- W2023247620 hasRelatedWork W2040547531 @default.
- W2023247620 hasRelatedWork W2049655029 @default.
- W2023247620 hasRelatedWork W2172134786 @default.
- W2023247620 hasRelatedWork W2799626806 @default.