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• W2023336169 abstract "Endothelium exerts a multimodal regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone and structure by the release of nitric oxide (NO) [1]. NO is inactivated by the superoxide radical (mathrm{O}^{,-,surd}_{2}) [2]. This reaction prevents superoxide mediated hydroxylation reactions, but forms peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant capable of causing vascular dysfunction [3]. Peroxynitrite is difficult to detect because is highly reactive and has very short life. Nitrotyrosine, a nitration product peroxynitrite-mediated, is commonly used as an indirect marker of peroxynitrite production [2]. The atherosclerotic wall may release huge amounts of mathrm{O}^{,-,surd}_{2} which has a strong impact on the accelerated inactivation of NO [4]. Inactivation of NO favors formation of peroxynitrite, and there is evidence of extensive nitration in human atherosclerotic lesions and growing production of nitrotyrosine in human atheroma plaque [5]. The presence of nitrotyrosine in biological fluids such as plasma and urine have been investigated in various conditions. Raised values of nitrotyrosine have been found in the plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, chronic renal failure, septic shock, celiac disease and diabetes [6]. In other pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, there are several disagreements, where some have detected elevated levels of nitrotyrosine in a particular condition whilst other have not [7]. In the present study, the level of nitrotyrosine in the plasma of patients with peripheral vascular disease has been evaluated and compared with those of normal matched controls. Twenty-five patients with peripheral vascular disease in Fontaine stage II–IV, 23 men and two women, age 66 ± 6.8 years (mean ± SD), were selected for this study. Eight were diabetics, seven smokers and five had a previous history of cardiac angina or myocardial infarction. Fifteen healthy normal blood donors, 13 men and two women, age 64 ± 2.3 years, served as the control group. Nitrotyrosine fasting plasma concentration was assayed by an ELISA developed in our laboratory and recently validated [6]. In patients with peripheral vascular disease, fasting plasma nitrotyrosine was significantly increased compared with control subjects (0.228 ± 0.07 µmol L−1 vs. 0.171 ± 0.04 µmol L−1, P < 0.01) (Fig. 1). Our data demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of increased concentration of nitrotyrosine in patients with peripheral vascular disease, suggesting the existence in these patients of an overproduction of peroxynitrite. Values of nitrotyrosine in patients with peripheral vascular disease and in control subjects. As peroxynitrite is a potent oxidant and nitrating agent that leads to a host of potentially injurious events including very low-density lipoprotein peroxidation, depletion of antioxidant defenses and inactivation of enzymes [8], and, in addition, it can be directly cytotoxic for endothelial cells [8], our results suggest that peroxynitrite may convincingly be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis even in subjects with peripheral vascular disease." @default.
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• W2023336169 date "2003-02-01" @default.
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• W2023336169 title "Nitrotyrosine in peripheral vascular disease" @default.
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• W2023336169 doi "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00042.x" @default.
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