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• W2023343239 abstract "We agree with Cox and Abeku ([ 1 Cox J. Abeku T.A. Early warning systems for malaria in Africa: from blueprint to practice. Trends Parasitol. 2007; 23: 243-246 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (41) Google Scholar ]; this issue), that epidemiological surveillance systems must be strengthened in epidemic-prone countries to enable early detection and provide the baseline data to improve the understanding of the drivers of epidemics. However, we do not believe that this alone is sufficient to deal effectively with epidemic malaria in Africa today. The Abuja targets [ 2 WHO The Abuja declaration on Roll Back Malaria by the African heads of state and government. World Health Organization, 2000http://www.rbm.who.int/docs/abuja_declaration.pdf Google Scholar ] require that 60% of epidemics are both detected within two weeks of inception and contained within two weeks of detection. To achieve these targets, health services need better information on where and when epidemics are likely to occur. This information might need to come from outside the health sector: from meteorological or food-security services for instance [ 3 WHO (2001) Malaria early warning systems, concepts, indicators and partners. A framework for field research in Africa, World Health Organization/Roll Back Malaria/Technical Support Network for Prevention and Control of Malaria (http://www.who.int/malaria/cmc_upload/0/000/014/807/mews2.pdf) Google Scholar ]. In recognition of this need, the World Health Organization (WHO: http://www.who.int) and partners have been developing, promoting, testing and implementing an integrated approach to epidemic early warning, preparedness, prevention and response [ 4 WHO Malaria epidemics: forecasting, prevention, early warning and control – from policy to practice. World Health Organization, 2004http://www.who.int/malaria/docs/Leysinreport.pdf Google Scholar ]. This approach is based on five levels of activity: vulnerability analysis and assessment, tailored seasonal climate forecasting, environmental monitoring, sentinel site surveillance and, most importantly, planning, preparedness and preventative response. This approach has been implemented in several African countries, most notably in Botswana and neighbouring countries in southern Africa [ 5 DaSilva J. et al. Improving epidemic malaria planning, preparedness and response in southern Africa. Malar. J. 2004; 3: 37 Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar ]. The recent 2006 malaria season in southern Africa followed an unusually wet rainfall season and was a major challenge to epidemic prevention in the region. However, incidence levels were maintained at levels far below those of previous comparable years [ 6 Connor S.J. et al. Malaria control in southern Africa. in: Climate Risk Management in Africa: Learning from Practice. 116. International Research Institute for Climate and Society, 2007: 45-57 Google Scholar ]." @default.
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• W2023343239 date "2007-06-01" @default.
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• W2023343239 title "Response to Cox and Abeku: Early warning systems for malaria in Africa: from blueprint to practice" @default.
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