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• W2023360438 abstract "Abstract Classical conditioning techniques were employed to investigate the effect of conditioned “excitation” and “inhibition” upon the occurrence of epileptiform activity in the EEG of patients with convulsive disorders. Four patients with high voltage spike-wave response regularly elicited by photic stimulation were subjected to repeated pairing of the S-W inducing light with a neutral tone. Despite more than 500 paired presentations of the two signals, and persistence of the S-W response to the light, no evidence of conditioning the S-W to follow the tone was obtained. However, presentation of tone signals unreinforced by light (differential stimulus and extinction of CS) after numerous paired sound-light trials resulted in a highly significant increase in occurrence of S-W to the unreinforced stimuli. Nineteen epileptic patients with sustained photic driving responses to specific flash frequencies were subjected to a conditioning procedure in which the attempt was made to condition the occipital driving response to follow a previously neutral tone. Little evidence of conditioned driving was obtained. However, again the unreinforced signals (differential and extinction stimuli) provoked a significant increase in incidence of sharp, paroxysmal, slow and epileptiform changes in the EEG. Retardation of the light stimulus (Trace reflex) also enhanced the propensity to pathological EEG discharge in both groups. These EEG abnormalities were similar to the focal or diffuse pathological findings noted from these patients during previous EEG studies. The exaggeration of paroxysmal activity by unreinforced stimuli is considered in relation to theories of “conditioned expectation” and Pavlovian “conditional inhibition”. Slowing of scalp frequencies during non-reinforcement may be a crucial factor contributing to the potentiation of abnormal EEG patterns." @default.
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• W2023360438 title "Electroencephalographic studies of conditional cerebral response in epileptic subjects" @default.
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• W2023360438 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(60)90019-5" @default.
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