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- W2023475055 abstract "• Immunomodulatory activity of water-soluble polyanionic macromolecules from Codium fragile investigated. • The fraction F 2 stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathway. • The backbone was linked by β-(1→3)- d -mannopyranosides. • The sulfate groups were found mostly on mannosyl residues at O -4 position. • Protein moiety was the essential part of fraction F 2 for the strong activation of RAW264.7 cells. Water-soluble anionic macromolecules isolated from Codium fragile and fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography were investigated to determine their molecular characteristics and immunostimulating activity. The crude molecules and fractions (F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 ) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (44.1–80.5%), sulfates (3.2–22.2%) and proteins (3.0–15.7%) with small amounts of uronic acids (1.1–4.2%), and included different levels of mannose (91.3–18.7%), glucose (62.7–8.6%) and galactose (37.5–59.5%). These molecules contained one or two subfractions with molecular weights ( M w ) ranging from 148 × 10 3 to 4879 × 10 3 g/mol. The crude, F 1 and F 2 stimulated RAW264.7 cells to produce considerable amounts of pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines. The treatment of sample molecules facilitated the degradation of Iκ-B and phosphorylation of MAPK in RAW264.7 cells, suggesting that they might stimulate RAW264.7 cells through the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathway. Proteins in fraction F 2 were essential to possess its bioactivity and its main backbone was composed of mixed linkages of (1→3)-α and β- d -mannan." @default.
- W2023475055 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2023475055 date "2013-08-01" @default.
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- W2023475055 title "Molecular characteristics and biological activities of anionic macromolecules from Codium fragile" @default.
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- W2023475055 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.022" @default.
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