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- W2023787068 abstract "Summary This paper looks at the way that expert systems have been developed and analyzes the problems in this process development. Remedies are proposed and illustrated through a system development under way in which knowledge acquisition design system (KADS) technology for knowledge organization is used. Introduction Although it has been used by a number of firms for several years, the expert-system technique still has not been mastered. At the outset, this technique appeared extremely promising and was used in a number of applications; however, only a very small number finally became industrial products. Elf Aquitaine has used this technique since 1980. Thus, our approach to the development of expert systems has evolved considerably. This paper examines this evolution in the light of real examples. First, we point out a number of shortcomings that emerged from an a posteriori analysis of one system, developed between 1986 and 1990, that is now operational. Then, we show how, with rigorous management of the development process and use of new knowledge acquisition technologies, it is possible to achieve substantial gains both financially and in terms of development time. Beginning with a detailed analysis of users' needs, we use an industrial approach of only well-known, tried and tested, operational techniques. We illustrate this with an example of a system currently being developed. Work organization of this kind optimizes the development process, improves the quality of the product, minimizes risks, and prepares for future maintenance. The expert-system technique is a new addition to the range of computer tools. When used where necessary and made compatible with other techniques, it will meet the essential target of any technique: satisfaction of users' needs. Background In Elf Aquitaine's E and P branch, work began on knowledge-based systems in 1980. This was the result of a 1979 in-house analysis that pointed to both a need and a means to respond to it. The need centered on acquiring and distributing the know-how and expertise accumulated by staff who were approaching retirement and who had spent their entire careers in the oil industry. The means by which this objective could be achieved was suggested by a series of university publications on new methods and technologies collectively called artificial intelligence (Al). The simultaneous convergence of these two elements prompted Elf Aquitaine to develop its first prototype expert system in 1981 and to set up a structure and organization able to handle this technology and cope with the extremely rapid development that it was to experience. Brief History From 1980, Elf Aquitaine concentrated on the aspect of AI that seemed closest to the needs of the industry, expert systems. Of the 26 Al applications developed for the E and P division, 15 were developed with expert-systems techniques. The other applications mainly involved scheduling and planning, and case-based reasoning." @default.
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- W2023787068 date "1993-03-01" @default.
- W2023787068 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2023787068 title "Use of New Technologies for Knowledge-Based System Development" @default.
- W2023787068 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/24418-pa" @default.
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