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• W2023883589 abstract "Low-rank coals concurrently contain organically bound alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM species) and discrete mineral matters. In this work, the influences of exchangeable calcium cations and discrete calcium salts on direct liquefaction of a Ca 2 + -rich lignite were investigated. The raw coal was partially demineralized by ammonium acetate solution and certain amounts of Ca 2 + were loaded into the demineralized coal (DMC) by ion-exchanged or physical mixing method separately. The amount of exchangeable Ca 2 + and -COOH groups were finely correlated by FTIR spectra. Temperature programmed liquefaction of various samples was performed to obtain the product distributions. Experimental results of liquefaction demonstrate that exchangeable Ca 2 + present in coal are adverse to direct liquefaction process and Ca 2 + loaded by physical mixing method have less detrimental effects on the oil yield compared with the exchangeable ones. The reason could be attributed to that exchangeable Ca 2 + accelerate generation of CO 2 and free radical fragments through coal pyrolysis, which enhance the unbalance between generation rate of free radicals and that of their combination with hydrogen donors, and eventually results in the formation of tetrahydrofuran-insoluble portion (THFISP). Therefore, oil generation during liquefaction of the lignite is mainly inhibited by exchangeable Ca 2 + and the influences of discrete calcium salts are negligible. • Carboxyl groups and exchangeable Ca 2 + cations are correlated by FTIR spectra. • Exchangeable Ca 2 + cations could accelerate generation of CO 2 and free radicals. • Exchangeable Ca 2 + inhibit oil generation by increasing combinations among free radicals. • Discrete calcium salts have slight influences on direct liquefaction. • As + PAs yields are not prone to be influenced by cross-linking reactions." @default.
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• W2023883589 date "2015-05-01" @default.
• W2023883589 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2023883589 title "Effect of Ca2+ species with different modes of occurrence on direct liquefaction of a calcium-rich lignite" @default.
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• W2023883589 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.02.001" @default.
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