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• W2023955024 abstract "SummaryThe current use of methyl bromide in disinfection and disinfestation processes in connection with food preservation and production is described together with the methods used for its application. The possible extension of the use of methyl bromide to various aspects of poultry production are discussed on the basis of the results of a series of tests on its ability to destroy coccidia and other micro-organisms associated with disease in poultry. These have been made on both a laboratory and a commercial scale. Attention has been directed towards the effectiveness and practicability of the use of methy lbromide fumigation for the disinfection of litter in situ so that it can be re-used or as a means of preventing the dispersal of disease agents, frequently accompanying the disturbance associated with the removal of undisinfected litter. Its suitability for the disinfection of compounded poultry feed or protein concentrates has also been investigated, with particular reference to Salmonella eradication.The laboratory tests were made in specially designed fumigation chambers to determine the effect on the viability of a range of micro-organisms of exposure to precise concentrations of methyl bromide. The experiments were carried out on micro-organisms in different forms and at different temperatures. The results indicated that coccidia, in dry faeces, could be destroyed by exposure to methyl bromide in a concentration of 2.5 mg per litre for 20 hours at 25°C. (i.e. a concentration time (CT) product of 50 mg h/1). In wet materials however, the activity of methyl bromide was reduced and the CT product had to be increased accordingly to 100 mg h/1 to achieve the same effect. Bacteria were also found to be less susceptible to methyl bromide in wet materials and at temperatures lower than 25°C. Bacteria together with the viruses and fungal spores used were found to be considerably more resistant than coccidia to methyl bromide. A CT product of 800 mg h/1 at 25°C was required to destroy Salmonella in relatively dry porous materials such as litter and feedstuffs, while exposure to even higher CT products were ineffective in completely eradicating Salmonella in wet compacted material such as faeces. These results were confirmed by subsequent tests made in houses for experimental animals and in commercial poultry houses. Methyl bromide was shown to be a more effective fumigant than formaldehyde when subsurface layers of porous materials such as litter were to be disinfected. The problem of producing and maintaining the necessary concentration of gas over the fumigation period in commercial poultry houses to enable litter to be safely re-used for successive batches of broilers is discussed. In the case of poultry feed it was found possible to eradicate Salmonella in artifically contaminated mash and in naturally infected powdered egg using methyl bromide at a CT product of 800 mg h/1 at 25°C. This can be achieved by treating the feedstuffs in sealed paper sacks so that reinfection after fumigation is avoided.Although methyl bromide itself is extremely toxic and requires application by trained operators, it can be readily dispelled from the treated space or materials, after fumigation, by airing for a few hours. This enables rapid re-use of disinfected premises and no adverse effect has been detected in trials in commercial poultry houses where two successive batches of broilers were reared on litter which had been fumigated on two occasions. Neither was any adverse effect noted in chickens maintained on fumigated food for 84 weeks as shown by their growth rate, age at sexual maturity, egg production, fertility, and hatchability of eggs laid." @default.
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• W2023955024 date "1974-07-01" @default.
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• W2023955024 title "Fumigation with Methyl Bromide—Applications in the Poultry Industry—a Review" @default.
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• W2023955024 doi "https://doi.org/10.1079/wps19740006" @default.
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