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• W2023973350 abstract "Beginning with this issue, Protoplasma will return to its roots: Reimer Stick (University of Bremen), who has been a Protoplasma board member for decades, will from now on as second editor-in chief preside over the domains of animal and medical cell biology. Now supported by the two columns of ‘green’ and ‘red’ cell biology, the journal is reviving a tradition that gave good reason to have it named Protoplasma. When the journal was founded back in 1926, this was a generally accepted synthesis at that time, with a plant (Josef Spek) and an animal (Friedl Weber) cell biologist installed as editors-in-chiefs with the explicit goal (Spek and Weber 1926): ‘Durch die gegenseitige Anregung der einzelnen Disziplinen neue Blickpunkte zu gewinnen, neue Arbeitsmoglichkeiten zu schaffen’ (to gain insights into new viewpoints and to create novel fields of work through mutual stimulation of the individual disciplines). The life sciences are traditionally shaped by their objects of studies—the communities of bacterial, fungal, plant, and animal scientists tend to discuss among themselves and often publish in their own organism-specific journals. This is of course convenient, because one can spare the effort to explain concepts that are familiar to every member of the one community but not to other communities. However, a short historical look shows that many fundamental advances in biology have always stemmed from interdisciplinary work. The discovery that all life forms are governed by the same molecular principles gives cell biology a unifying framework. Actually, the cell theory, first formulated by the botanist Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1838), emerged as the fruit of intensive debates between Schleiden and his close friend, the animal physiologist Theodor Schwann. The idea that all life forms, as different as they might appear at first glance, are composed of cells, not only helped to integrate biology but also stimulated the first joint research programme: If it is true that cells embody the full functional potential of life, it should be possible to regenerate entire organisms from single cells. The experimental proof of this prediction in fact stimulated more than a century of exciting science, where sometimes ‘red’, sometimes ‘green’ cell biology was in the lead, but always remained in close dialogue with the other side. Thus, the first culture of animal cells was established by Ross Granville Harrison in 1907, preceding the first plant cell culture by almost three decades. Conversely, the plant side was first in regenerating an entire organism from a single cell, enabled by the new discovery of phytohormones (Vasil and Hildebrandt 1965). Again, it required a new technology: induced pluripotent stem cells, to demonstrate the developmental predictions derived from cell theory also for animal cells (Takahashi and Yamanaka 2006). The seemingly old-fashioned title of this journal already expresses the unity of ‘green’ and ‘red’ biology. The term protoplasma was coined independently by the medical physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně (to describe the substance inside of blood cells as opposed to the soluble plasma) and the plant physiologist Hugo von Mohl, who used this term to describe the ‘turbid, viscous, particle containing liquid’ in the interior of plant cells. It was also Purkyně, by the way, who stressed that we need to understand the structure of cells in order to understand their biological function—a thought that was revolutionary at that time: as recalled vividly in a Protoplasma review on his work and life (Žarský 2012): Interestingly, this great forefather of functional cell biology P. Nick (*) Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany e-mail: peter.nick@kit.edu" @default.
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• W2023973350 date "2014-08-08" @default.
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• W2023973350 title "Transcending borders—integrating cell biology in the new Protoplasma" @default.
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• W2023973350 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-014-0673-5" @default.
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