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- W2024135320 abstract "We compared propranolol hydrochloride penetration through human skin in the presence and absence of a putative enhancer, nonane. During in vivo experiments, l mg of propranolol hydrochloride was administered in l-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, under occlusive conditions to seven human volunteers. Seven others received the same dose and vehicle in the presence of 4% nonane. Propranolol hydrochloride penetration was determined from recovery of tritiated material following urinary excretion; propranolol penetration increased from 0.705 ± 0.3878 to 1.402 ± 0.8358% (mean ± SE) of the applied dose (1 mg/2.5 cm2) in the presence of nonane (p < 0.05). Of clinical interest, all seven subjects receiving the enhancer sustained moderate to severe erythema and slight edema at the application site. Slight eschar formation was observed in two of these seven volunteers after 24 h of exposure. It is postulated that the reactions were a result of stratum corneum disruption due to vehicle, enhancer or both. For comparison, penetration of propranolol HC1 from the same formulations was tested during an in vitro experiment using excised human cadaver skin and phosphate buffered saline receptor fluid. Penetration through a 1 cm2 surface area was determined by recovery of tritiated propranolol from the receptor fluid; propranolol bioavailability was increased from 1.03 ± 0.61 to 2.28 ± 0.17% (p < 0.05) of the applied dose (1 mg/1 cm2)." @default.
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- W2024135320 date "1993-05-03" @default.
- W2024135320 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2024135320 title "Nonane enhances propranolol hydrochloride penetration in human skin" @default.
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- W2024135320 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(93)90287-p" @default.
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