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- W2024335318 abstract "Abstract An important aspect of the ‘science of science’ is its geography. One way of studying this aspect is to evaluate the degree of dispersion or centralization of scientists. The calculation has been performed for the 16 countries with the greatest number of scientists. Czechoslovakia and Sweden have the highest concentration in a few cities, while the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany have the lowest concentration. In general, the degree of concentration varies inversely with the total number of scientists in a country, although there are exceptions. Part of the ‘concentration effect’ is due to a large number of scientists in one city, usually the capital. When the effect of the leading city is removed, the ranking of the countries changes sharply. Switzerland and Australia have the highest concentrations, and the United States and the United Kingdom have the lowest. Only a weak relationship is then shown between the total number of scientists and the degree of concentration. To remove the effect of population concentration, the cumulative proportion of scientists was divided by the cumulative proportion of population for the leading cities. This produced considerable change in the rankings by nation. The USSR and India have the highest proportions. Countries with low proportions included the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. Almost all countries had a greater degree of dispersion in 1972 as compared with 1967. The greatest changes towards dispersion were seen in India and the USSR." @default.
- W2024335318 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2024335318 date "1977-04-01" @default.
- W2024335318 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2024335318 title "Changes in centralization of science" @default.
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- W2024335318 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(77)90024-5" @default.
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