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- W2024545852 abstract "Atmospheric flow over orography is a classic research area, while the atmospheric responseto surface heating has become a focus more recently in the context of solar heatingand forest fires. Here, for the first time, these forcing mechanisms are superposed toexamine atmospheric flow over a mountain with a heated summit, i.e. an active volcano.Intense rainfall over active volcanoes is known to trigger dangerous volcanic hazards,from remobilising loose surface material into lahars or mudflows, to initiating explosiveactivity such as pyroclastic flows. The effect of a heated volcanic surface on the atmosphericcirculation is investigated here – including examining the triggering of precipitationover the volcano. Recent activity at the Soufri`ere Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat,Eastern Caribbean, is a well-documented example of such rainfall–volcano interactions.Hence, Montserrat is used as a template for the experiments, although the experimentalsetup is general so the results will have applicability for other tropical island volcanoes.The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model has been used forthe study, run in an idealised configuration with horizontal grid sizes down to 100 m.Initially, the effect of the heated surface is studied through idealised simulations over aGaussian mountain with an imposed surface temperature anomaly on the volcano summit.Subsequently, a digital elevation model (DEM) of Montserrat is used to study the effectsover this specific island. The atmospheric structure in most simulations is that of a typicaltropical setting – easterly TradeWinds, capped by a temperature inversion. In these cases,localised convection triggered by the heat source can overcome convective inhibition andforce deep convection, if there is sufficient convective available potential energy. A significantincrease in precipitation over the volcano covering a 4 km2 area is consistentlysimulated for surface temperature anomalies above 40�C, an area-average value that isexceeded at the SHV. For a range of realistic atmospheric conditions, covering up to 18%of days in a relevant climatological study in the Caribbean, the precipitation increase iswell above the observed threshold (5–10 mm hr" @default.
- W2024545852 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2024545852 creator A5069916143 @default.
- W2024545852 date "2015-04-01" @default.
- W2024545852 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2024545852 title "Thermally generated convection and precipitation over volcanoes : numerical modelling of flow over Montserrat" @default.
- W2024545852 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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