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- W2024552040 abstract "The centromere is the locus that ensures proper segregation of chromosomes through generations. In all eukaryotes, except for budding yeast, centromere location is maintained by an epigenetic mechanism. The most attractive candidate to provide the centromere-specifying epigenetic mark is the histone variant centromere protein A (CENP-A) that replaces histone H3 in centromeric nucleosomes. The (CENP-A/H4)2 heterotetramer crystal structure (Sekulic et al., 2010, Nature 467:347-351) led to our proposal that CENP-A could distinguish centromeric chromatin from the rest of the chromosome via structural deviation from within the folded octameric core of the nucleosome. Our model is based on the intranucleosomal rigidity conferred by CENP-A and rotation at the CENP-A/CENP-A interface. If preserved upon nucleosome formation the rotation would alter the radius of curvature of nucleosomal DNA and histone subunit packing. In the subsequent crystal structure of the CENP-A nucleosome (Tachiwana et al., 2011, Nature 476:232-235), though, nucleosomal DNA curvature and histone subunit packing are as in conventional nucleosome. To investigate the conformation of CENP-A nucleosomes in solution we used intranucleosomal FRET. We find that CENP-A nucleosomes heavily populate an atypical conformation where H2A/H2B dimers are 4 Å further apart at steady state relative to conventional nucleosomes. These data suggest that CENP-A nucleosomes in solution exist in equilibrium between at least two structural conformations: one that is similar to the conventional nucleosomes and one that is altered by rotation at the CENP-A/CENP-A interface. To further interrogate the structure of CENP-A nucleosomes in solution we are also employing SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) and SANS (small-angle neutron scattering). SANS experiments exploit contrast variation schemes to provide information on DNA and protein subunits independently. Our ongoing biophysical studies promise to provide critical insight into how CENP-A nucleosomes distinguish centromeric chromatin in the context of mammalian chromosomes." @default.
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- W2024552040 date "2013-01-01" @default.
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- W2024552040 title "CENP-A Nucleosomes adopt an Unconventional Shape" @default.
- W2024552040 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3212" @default.
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