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- W2024773162 abstract "Using both ground-based and satellite data up to December 1998, the intensity, duration, appearance at both horizontal and vertical scales and ozone-mass deficiency (O3MD) of the severe ozone decline observed over the southern polar region are presented. Over the last six years: the depletion within the ozone hole area (i.e. total ozone amounts <220 m atm-cm) is almost three times more severe than in the early 1980s, the ozone hole (O3h) area has exceeded 22 million km² at its maximum, and the lowest total ozone was ∼100 m atm-cm. However, during the 1998 season for the first time for nearly 20 days the O3h area exceeded 25 million km², and the integrated O3MD during September-October, poleward of 60°S, exceeded the average value of the 1990s by ∼25%. At the beginning of the 1980s, ozone hole values were observed mostly in October, but more recently, they frequently continue until mid-December. The depletion was most severe in the 12–20 km layer over Antarctica: ∼70% in September, ∼90% in October and ∼80% in November. Related to this, the monthly mean lower stratospheric temperatures between 70–90°S have declined by ∼10°C in October, ∼12°C in November and by ∼5°C in December. Taking the last six years seasonally integrated O3MD over the area poleward of 60°S (average ∼6.300 Mt) is about a third greater than the O3MD over the northern polar region winter-springs. Over the southern mid-latitudes O3MD is about a third less than the deficiency observed between 35–55°N." @default.
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- W2024773162 date "1999-05-15" @default.
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- W2024773162 title "Essential characteristics of the Antarctic-Spring Ozone Decline: Update to 1998" @default.
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- W2024773162 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl900277" @default.
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