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• W2024983516 abstract "Study ObjectiveThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine opt-out HIV screening for all patients aged 13 to 64 in all health care settings. State mandates in favor of opt-in testing create barriers to effective, universal screenings in some emergency departments (ED). The purpose of this study is to investigate demographic characteristics and HIV risk behaviors of ED patients who declined free rapid HIV screenings.MethodsThis 13-month prospective, observational study took place in an urban ED with an annual census of 60,000. One full-time and 4 part-time HIV counselors and 36 medical student volunteers offered free, opt-in rapid HIV screenings to patients at bedside and provided point-of-care testing using OraQuick Advance® rapid HIV oral swab tests. Counselors collected demographic and HIV risk behavior data by interviewing this convenience sample of patients who declined or accepted testing. For standardization, counselors used survey forms based on the CDC HIV Test Form. Patients 13 years of age or older were eligible; exclusion criteria were incarceration, known positive HIV status, altered mental status, and critical condition. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used.ResultsOf 2203 enrolled in the study, 1523 (69.1%) consented to testing and were surveyed. 681 (30.9%) declined HIV testing but completed the same survey form as those who were tested. The mean age of all patients enrolled was 38 years; 56% were black, 30% white. Of those who declined, the average age was 41.45 years, (p<0.05, 95% CI 40.35-42.54) and patients were more likely to be 50 years or older (p<0.001), non-African-American (p<0.05), at least college graduates (p<0.05), married (p<0.001) and earners of annual individual incomes greater than $50,000 (p<0.001). Sex was the only demographic variable that demonstrated no difference (58% female). Regarding risk factors for contracting HIV, patients who declined testing were more likely to have had 1 or no sexual partners within the past year (p <0.001), always used condoms in the past 12 months (p<0.001), had no history of intimate partner violence (p<0.001) or history of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (p<0.001). There was no significance with regard to patients having had prior HIV testing or having engaged in sex with an intravenous drug user or HIV positive partner. The most common reasons cited for declining testing were perception of low or no risk (38.5%) and testing negative for HIV in the preceding 6 months (34.7%).ConclusionPatients who decline rapid HIV testing in the ED have identifiable demographic and HIV risk behavior characteristics. These results provide important insights into efforts to increase the acceptability of HIV screening in the diverse populations encountered in the ED. Study ObjectiveThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine opt-out HIV screening for all patients aged 13 to 64 in all health care settings. State mandates in favor of opt-in testing create barriers to effective, universal screenings in some emergency departments (ED). The purpose of this study is to investigate demographic characteristics and HIV risk behaviors of ED patients who declined free rapid HIV screenings. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine opt-out HIV screening for all patients aged 13 to 64 in all health care settings. State mandates in favor of opt-in testing create barriers to effective, universal screenings in some emergency departments (ED). The purpose of this study is to investigate demographic characteristics and HIV risk behaviors of ED patients who declined free rapid HIV screenings. MethodsThis 13-month prospective, observational study took place in an urban ED with an annual census of 60,000. One full-time and 4 part-time HIV counselors and 36 medical student volunteers offered free, opt-in rapid HIV screenings to patients at bedside and provided point-of-care testing using OraQuick Advance® rapid HIV oral swab tests. Counselors collected demographic and HIV risk behavior data by interviewing this convenience sample of patients who declined or accepted testing. For standardization, counselors used survey forms based on the CDC HIV Test Form. Patients 13 years of age or older were eligible; exclusion criteria were incarceration, known positive HIV status, altered mental status, and critical condition. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used. This 13-month prospective, observational study took place in an urban ED with an annual census of 60,000. One full-time and 4 part-time HIV counselors and 36 medical student volunteers offered free, opt-in rapid HIV screenings to patients at bedside and provided point-of-care testing using OraQuick Advance® rapid HIV oral swab tests. Counselors collected demographic and HIV risk behavior data by interviewing this convenience sample of patients who declined or accepted testing. For standardization, counselors used survey forms based on the CDC HIV Test Form. Patients 13 years of age or older were eligible; exclusion criteria were incarceration, known positive HIV status, altered mental status, and critical condition. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used. ResultsOf 2203 enrolled in the study, 1523 (69.1%) consented to testing and were surveyed. 681 (30.9%) declined HIV testing but completed the same survey form as those who were tested. The mean age of all patients enrolled was 38 years; 56% were black, 30% white. Of those who declined, the average age was 41.45 years, (p<0.05, 95% CI 40.35-42.54) and patients were more likely to be 50 years or older (p<0.001), non-African-American (p<0.05), at least college graduates (p<0.05), married (p<0.001) and earners of annual individual incomes greater than $50,000 (p<0.001). Sex was the only demographic variable that demonstrated no difference (58% female). Regarding risk factors for contracting HIV, patients who declined testing were more likely to have had 1 or no sexual partners within the past year (p <0.001), always used condoms in the past 12 months (p<0.001), had no history of intimate partner violence (p<0.001) or history of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (p<0.001). There was no significance with regard to patients having had prior HIV testing or having engaged in sex with an intravenous drug user or HIV positive partner. The most common reasons cited for declining testing were perception of low or no risk (38.5%) and testing negative for HIV in the preceding 6 months (34.7%). Of 2203 enrolled in the study, 1523 (69.1%) consented to testing and were surveyed. 681 (30.9%) declined HIV testing but completed the same survey form as those who were tested. The mean age of all patients enrolled was 38 years; 56% were black, 30% white. Of those who declined, the average age was 41.45 years, (p<0.05, 95% CI 40.35-42.54) and patients were more likely to be 50 years or older (p<0.001), non-African-American (p<0.05), at least college graduates (p<0.05), married (p<0.001) and earners of annual individual incomes greater than $50,000 (p<0.001). Sex was the only demographic variable that demonstrated no difference (58% female). Regarding risk factors for contracting HIV, patients who declined testing were more likely to have had 1 or no sexual partners within the past year (p <0.001), always used condoms in the past 12 months (p<0.001), had no history of intimate partner violence (p<0.001) or history of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (p<0.001). There was no significance with regard to patients having had prior HIV testing or having engaged in sex with an intravenous drug user or HIV positive partner. The most common reasons cited for declining testing were perception of low or no risk (38.5%) and testing negative for HIV in the preceding 6 months (34.7%). ConclusionPatients who decline rapid HIV testing in the ED have identifiable demographic and HIV risk behavior characteristics. These results provide important insights into efforts to increase the acceptability of HIV screening in the diverse populations encountered in the ED. Patients who decline rapid HIV testing in the ED have identifiable demographic and HIV risk behavior characteristics. These results provide important insights into efforts to increase the acceptability of HIV screening in the diverse populations encountered in the ED." @default.
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• W2024983516 title "68 Demographics and Risk Factors of Patients Who Decline Opt-In HIV Screenings in an Urban Emergency Department" @default.
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