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• W2025198809 abstract "Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), sometimes described as genetic ‘stutters,’ are DNA tracts in which a short base-pair motif is repeated several to many times in tandem (e.g. CAGCAGCAG). These sequences experience frequent mutations that alter the number of repeats. Because SSRs are commonly located in promoters, untranslated regions and even coding sequences, such mutations can directly influence almost any aspect of gene function. Mutational expansion of certain triplet repeats is responsible for several hereditary neurodegenerative disorders, but SSR alleles can also contribute to normal variation in brain and behavioral traits. Here we review studies implicating SSRs not just in disease but also in circadian rhythmicity, sociosexual interaction, aggression, cognition and personality. SSRs can affect neuronal differentiation, brain development and even behavioral evolution. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), sometimes described as genetic ‘stutters,’ are DNA tracts in which a short base-pair motif is repeated several to many times in tandem (e.g. CAGCAGCAG). These sequences experience frequent mutations that alter the number of repeats. Because SSRs are commonly located in promoters, untranslated regions and even coding sequences, such mutations can directly influence almost any aspect of gene function. Mutational expansion of certain triplet repeats is responsible for several hereditary neurodegenerative disorders, but SSR alleles can also contribute to normal variation in brain and behavioral traits. Here we review studies implicating SSRs not just in disease but also in circadian rhythmicity, sociosexual interaction, aggression, cognition and personality. SSRs can affect neuronal differentiation, brain development and even behavioral evolution. a distinct form of DNA sequence at a particular chromosomal locus, differing in base-pair sequence from other alleles at that locus. those portions of genes (exons) that are translated into proteins. In conventional usage, all other sequences, whether or not they have a function, are ‘noncoding.’ a tract of DNA consisting not only of coding sequences but also introns and associated noncoding upstream and downstream regulatory elements. localization of genetic regions responsible for a trait of interest by identifying markers that are associated by linkage with inheritance of the trait. Because SNPs and polymorphic SSRs are widely distributed throughout the genome, most traits will be closely linked with one or more such markers. A marker associated by linkage with a trait of interest can be described as a ‘genetic risk factor’ for that trait, but by itself such correlation does not imply any causal role. the statistical association between alleles at two (or more) genetic loci, due to proximity along the same chromosome. Linked alleles are inherited as a unit until they become separated by recombination (e.g. by crossing over between homologous alleles during meiosis). an SSR whose repeating motif is between one and six base pairs in length (the upper limit is arbitrary and can be defined as low as five or as high as ten). an SSR whose motif length is greater than the upper limit for microsatellites (i.e. longer than 5–10 base pairs). a short sequence of DNA base pairs, repeated in tandem to form an SSR. With increasing motif length, the number of possible motif sequences increases. Thus there are two distinct mononucleotide motifs (A/T and C/G), six distinct dinucleotides, ten distinct trinucleotides, and so forth. (Motifs that can be matched by shifting along the sequence or by reading in either direction are considered equivalent; e.g. CAG = AGC = GCA = CTG = TGC = GCT.) a genetic locus (specific location along a chromosome) at which two or more alleles each occur at appreciable frequencies within a population. an increase or decrease in the number of tandem motifs in an SSR; although SSR mutational processes are complex [4,5], basically slippage mutations occur during DNA replication when one strand realigns with the complementary strand after shifting (“slipping”) by one or more motif lengths. single nucleotide polymorphism; an allelic difference at a single base pair. Although some SNPs might be causally responsible for some phenotypic differences (traits), SNPs might also serve in linkage analysis as markers (“genetic risk factors”) for traits of interest without any implication of causal role. simple sequence repeat (alternatively STR, short tandem repeat); a DNA tract consisting of a relatively short base-pair motif that is repeated several to many times in tandem. Polymorphic SSRs can be called VNTRs (variable-number tandem repeats)." @default.
• W2025198809 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2025198809 creator A5052976583 @default.
• W2025198809 creator A5080049430 @default.
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• W2025198809 date "2008-07-01" @default.
• W2025198809 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W2025198809 title "Simple sequence repeats: genetic modulators of brain function and behavior" @default.
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• W2025198809 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2008.03.006" @default.
• W2025198809 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18550185" @default.
• W2025198809 hasPublicationYear "2008" @default.
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