Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2025200162> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2025200162 endingPage "123" @default.
- W2025200162 startingPage "91" @default.
- W2025200162 abstract "How Effective Are They? Exploring the Impact of Contingent Faculty on Undergraduate Education Paul D. Umbach Researchers and faculty groups have become increasingly concerned with the changing mix of tenure-track and non-tenure-track faculty appointments (American Association of University Professors, 2001, 2003; Baldwin & Chronister, 2001; Benjamin, 1998a, 1998b, 2002; Chait, 2002). Between 1975 and 1995, the number of part-time faculty increased by 103%, and the number of full-time tenure-ineligible faculty by 93%. Meanwhile, the number of probationary, tenure-track faculty decreased by 12%. The most recent estimates suggest that more than half of all instructional staff are contingent faculty—working in part-time or in full-time, but tenure-ineligible, positions (American Association of University Professors, 2001; Baldwin & Chronister, 2002; Gappa, 2001; U.S. Department of Education, 2000). Why has higher education become so reliant on contingent workers? Critics are quick to point to problems with the tenure system. They suggest that tenure increases costs, stifles faculty productivity, and decreases the ability of colleges and universities to adapt in a rapidly changing society (Baldwin & Chronister, 2001, 2002; Gappa, 2001; Leslie, 1998; Massy & Wilger, 1992; Tierney, 1998). Others argue that an aging faculty and a surplus of aspiring [End Page 91] academics have created a labor market that forces institutions to turn to contingent faculty for undergraduate instruction (Baldwin & Chronister, 2001; Gappa, 2001; Gappa & Leslie, 1993). With declines in public trust, decreases in governmental funding, and sharp increases in student enrollments, institutions have sought more flexible and less expensive sources of instruction (Baldwin & Chronister, 2001; Fairweather, 1996; Gappa, 2001; Gappa & Leslie, 1993; Rhoades, 1996; Tierney, 1998). While reasons for the increases in the number of contingent appointments are various, few have examined the unintended consequences of employing large numbers of tenure-ineligible faculty. Researchers argue that the shrinking number of tenure-track positions will erode academic freedom and irreparably damage the academic profession (Clark, 1987; Finkin, 2000; Tierney, 1998). Although some have asserted that the reliance on contingent appointments negatively impacts undergraduate education (Benjamin, 1998, 1998, 2002), little evidence supports this conclusion. Several scholars have suggested that contingent faculty are as effective—and in some cases, more effective—in delivering instruction when compared with their tenured or tenure-track counterparts (Baldwin & Chronister, 2001; Chronister & Baldwin, 1999; Gappa & Leslie, 1993; Roueche, Rouche, & Milliron, 1995). Few, if any, of these claims, either positive or negative, are supported by empirical evidence, thus leaving unresolved the issue of the effect of employing contingent faculty on undergraduate education (Baldwin & Chronister, 2002; Benjamin, 2002). In fact, What is known on this subject up to this point is . . . not very much (Schuster, 2003, p. 19). Purpose and Research Questions The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the use of contingent faculty on undergraduate education. A long line of inquiry suggests that faculty play a central role in undergraduate education (Astin, 1993; Kuh & Hu, 2001; Pascarella & Terenzini, 1991). However, most of this research treats faculty as a heterogeneous group and does not examine the impact that appointment type has on faculty engagement in good practices. Therefore, this study asks three questions: To what degree do contingent faculty members engage students in good practices less frequently than their tenured and tenure-track counterparts? What effect does the proportion of contingent faculty on a campus have on the frequency that faculty engage in good practices? Does the effect of having a contingent appointment vary between institutions? If so, can these differences be explained with institutional characteristics? [End Page 92] Conceptual Framework Framing this study are theories from labor economists and research on best practices in higher education. Labor economists define contingent work as any job in which an individual does not have an explicit or implicit contract for long-term employment or in which the minimum hours worked can vary in a nonsystematic manner (Povlika & Nardone, 1989, p. 11). The normal or standard arrangement for workers during the twentieth..." @default.
- W2025200162 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2025200162 creator A5049742330 @default.
- W2025200162 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W2025200162 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2025200162 title "How Effective Are They? Exploring the Impact of Contingent Faculty on Undergraduate Education" @default.
- W2025200162 cites W106534974 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W12276110 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1480666269 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1505203270 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1589728983 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1608230234 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1617412188 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W165473398 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1781321944 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1782806433 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1783775687 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1965151542 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1974290661 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1987831815 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1989439309 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1991853226 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1992237617 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W1997682769 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2007832978 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2008073538 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2025651417 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2028638145 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2030760341 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2034506194 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2034542597 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2035347161 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2037710531 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2041892088 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2043380041 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2055965832 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2056116810 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2061397106 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2062613454 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2071711406 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2074724594 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2076973994 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2079205180 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2082677155 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2089206393 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2090228025 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2101359376 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2120200805 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2123775477 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2138273248 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2154756042 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2324392187 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2337432392 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2387025005 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2727072023 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2800428504 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W281256118 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2889559333 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W2894829818 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W3102274273 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W331466987 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W40609762 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W625172465 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W632917577 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W646674677 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W72444455 @default.
- W2025200162 cites W92036295 @default.
- W2025200162 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2006.0080" @default.
- W2025200162 hasPublicationYear "2007" @default.
- W2025200162 type Work @default.
- W2025200162 sameAs 2025200162 @default.
- W2025200162 citedByCount "234" @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622012 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622013 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622014 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622015 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622016 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622017 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622018 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622019 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622020 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622021 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622022 @default.
- W2025200162 countsByYear W20252001622023 @default.
- W2025200162 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W2025200162 hasAuthorship W2025200162A5049742330 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConcept C120912362 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConcept C15744967 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConcept C204983608 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConcept C4249254 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConcept C50522688 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConceptScore W2025200162C120912362 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConceptScore W2025200162C144024400 @default.
- W2025200162 hasConceptScore W2025200162C15744967 @default.