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- W2025528046 abstract "Modeling of an air-fluid interface in an electric field is presented. Specifically, equilibrium of the interface under the dominant forces—electric stress, surface tension, and pressure—is investigated. Since interface shape and equilibrium are related, the shape of an electrified interface is also addressed. To determine the electric stress, an analytical expression for the electric field in the vicinity of the interface is determined. The operating point of the interface is shown to exist in a three-dimensional parameter space that is divided by a critical surface into equilibrium, quasiequilibrium, and nonequilibrium subdomains. The three parameters are applied voltage, electrode separation, and pressure difference. Interface size, counterelectrode size, and fluid properties are also considered. The subdomain in which the operating point resides defines the important characteristics of the interface. The operating point moves within, and transfers between, equilibrium subdomains, and points on the critical surface represent “rupture points” of the interface. The final shape of the interface is solved iteratively using this equilibrium model. Interfaces emitting an electrospray can have a range of apex angles, and it is shown that the magnitude of this angle impacts equilibrium. It is revealed that the excess pressure difference term is critical in determining the interface shape (specifically the cone generatrix) and that minimization of the potential energy of all forces can be used to predict the magnitude of the apex angle and pressure immediately after interface rupture. The equilibrium model is important from an operational and optimization perspective, as it is useful to predict the conditions required to break equilibrium and transfer to a quasiequilibrium state (i.e., an electrospray), and the conditions necessary to maintain quasiequilibrium once it is formed." @default.
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- W2025528046 date "2008-04-01" @default.
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- W2025528046 title "Plane model of fluid interface rupture in an electric field" @default.
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