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- W2025678401 abstract "Abstract Variation in concentration of potassium and calcium ions in the extracellular fluid produce specific and well defined changes in the shape and duration of the transmembrane action potential in single myocardial fibers. These changes are responsible for typical electrocardiographic patterns encountered in patients with abnormal plasma concentrations of these ions. The severity of hyperpotassemia correlates approximately with the duration of the QRS complex; the severity of hypopotassemia, with the relation of the T wave amplitude to the U wave amplitude. The concentration of plasma ionized calcium determines the duration of the S-T segment and the Q-T interval. The correlation between the electrocardiogram and the plasma potassium and calcium concentrations may not be precise because the former is affected by variations in the basic pattern, changes caused by alterations of rate, rhythm and spread of excitation, and, finally, by the interrelation of the concentrations of ions in the extracellular fluid. There is a definite interrelation of the effects of calcium and potassium, sodium and potassium, and also magnesium and calcium on the electrocardiogram. The accuracy of the electrocardiogram becomes very good when the electrocardiographer is alerted to the possibility of electrolyte imbalance, when control tracings are available for comparison and when the patient is followed with serial tracings." @default.
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- W2025678401 date "1963-11-01" @default.
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- W2025678401 title "Electrolytes and the electrocardiogram" @default.
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- W2025678401 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(63)90255-8" @default.
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