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- W2025778518 abstract "Research Article| November 01, 2007 Steeply Dipping Heaving Bedrock, Colorado: Part 2—Mineralogical and Engineering Properties DAVID C NOE; DAVID C NOE 1Colorado Geological Survey, 1313 Sherman Street, Room 715, Denver, CO 80203 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar JERRY D HIGGINS; JERRY D HIGGINS 2Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar HAROLD W OLSEN HAROLD W OLSEN 2Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (2007) 13 (4): 309–324. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.4.309 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation DAVID C NOE, JERRY D HIGGINS, HAROLD W OLSEN; Steeply Dipping Heaving Bedrock, Colorado: Part 2—Mineralogical and Engineering Properties. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 2007;; 13 (4): 309–324. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.4.309 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyEnvironmental & Engineering Geoscience Search Advanced Search Abstract This paper describes the mineralogical and engineering properties of steeply dipping, differentially heaving bedrock, which has caused severe damage near the Denver area. Several field sites in heave-prone areas have been characterized using high sample densities, numerous testing methodologies, and thousands of sample tests. Hydrometer testing shows that the strata range from siltstone to claystone (33 to 66 percent clay) with occasional bentonite seams (53 to 98 percent clay mixed with calcite). From X-ray diffraction analyses, the claystone contains varying proportions of illite-smectite and discrete (pure) smectite, and the bentonite contains discrete smectite. Accessory minerals include pyrite, gypsum, calcite, and oxidized iron compounds. The dominant exchangeable cation is Ca2+, except where gypsum is prevalent, and Mg2+ and Na1+ are elevated. Scanning electron microscope analyses show that the clay fabric is deformed and porous and that pyrite is absent within the weathered zone. Unified Soil Classification for the claystone varies from CL to CH, and the bentonite is CH to MH. Average moisture content values are 17 percent for claystone and 32 percent for bentonite, and these are typically 0 to 5 percent lower than the plastic limit. Swell-consolidation and suction testing shows a full range of swelling potentials from low to very high. These findings confirm that type I (bed-parallel, symmetrical to asymmetrical) heave features are strongly associated with changes in bedrock composition and mineralogy. Composition changes are not necessarily a factor for type II (bed-parallel to bed-oblique, strongly asymmetrical) heave features, which are associated with movements along subsurface shear zones. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access." @default.
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- W2025778518 title "Steeply Dipping Heaving Bedrock, Colorado: Part 2 Mineralogical and Engineering Properties" @default.
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