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- W2025995488 abstract "A (√2 × √2)R45° surface structure on W {001} produced only by cooling below ~370 K, first reported by Yonehara and Schmidt, has been investigated by LEED, AES, work function change, characteristic loss and low energy Auger fine structure measurements. No significant changes at any energy up to 520 eV occur in the standard Auger spectrum upon cooling to 220 K for as long as 30 min after a flash to >2 500 K. The work function of the (√2 × √2) R45° at 210 K is 20 ± 10 mV below that of the (1 × 1) surface, and a sensitive feature in the fine structure of the N7VV AES transition shows approximately 60% attenuation. Unlike for H2 adsorption, the “surface plasmon” loss peak exhibits little if any measurable attenuation and no measurable shift in energy as the crystal cools to form the (√2 × √2)R45°. The rate of intensity buildup in the 12-order LEED beams is strictly temperature dependent, and significant differences exist between the 12-order LEED spectra produced by cooling and those produced by H2 adsorption. Only 2-fold symmetry was observed in the LEED beam intensities at exactly normal incidence, rather than 4-fold as expected for statistically equal numbers of rotationally equivalent domains. The LEED I-V spectra for 24 fractional order beams and 12 integral order beams, taken over large energy ranges at normal incidence, clearly establish that the beam intensities display 2 mm point group symmetry, and hence a preference of one domain orientation over the other. No beam broadening or splitting effects were apparent, implying only incoherent scattering from the various domains. The half-order beam spectra (±h/2, ±h/2) are identical in relative intensity to the (±h/2, ±h/2) spectra but different in absolute intensity by a constant factor, which can be explained only by domains with p2mg space group symmetry rather than just p2mm. Adsorption of H2 onto the cooled (√2 × √2)R45° structure restores the 4-fold symmetry in the LEED beam intensities at normal incidence, giving a c(2 × 2) hydrogen structure, the same as when adsorbing H2 onto the above room temperature (1 × 1) crystal. This strongly supports the observed p2mg symmetry as being a true property of the cooled (√2 × √2)R45° surface structure. These results show that the (1 × 1) → (√2 × √2) R45° transition produced by cooling is a transition involving displacement of surface W atoms, and that it apparently can be characterized as an order-order, second degree, homogeneous nucleation process, which is strongly prohibited by the presence of impurities or defects." @default.
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- W2025995488 date "1979-02-01" @default.
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- W2025995488 title "The clean thermally induced W {001} (1 × 1) → (√2 × √2) R 45° surface structure transition and its crystallography" @default.
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