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- W2027215542 abstract "To successfully manage spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) populations, we need more knowledge about the insect's nutritional ecology. Here we address this issue by considering variations in host suitability for the budworm due to tree species, age, nutrient levels, defensive compounds, inducible defenses, and stress. Tree age has minor effects on foliar nutritional quality. Nitrogen levels (as an index of protein) in the diet appear to be the most significant factor affecting performance both in the field and laboratory. Tannins/phenolics, and supraoptimal levels of calcium in host foliage may interfere with the bioavailability of some minerals such as iron. Monoterpenes can be toxic at very high levels but otherwise seem to have minor negative effects on budworm performance. There is little evidence of short-term inducible defenses in fir foliage. Likewise, there is little evidence that drought stress makes fir trees more nutritionally favorable for spruce budworm. However, drought-induced flowering may be very important to larval survival. Neither is there evidence for substantial variation among trees in their inherent susceptibility to budworm. We hypothesize that variations in host-plant quality are less important in regulating budworm dynamics than other factors, such as the physical environment and natural enemies. However, spruce-budworm/host-plant phenological synchrony and host flowering status may be very important variables that deserve more research. Management of budworm will require more detailed knowledge about the entire complex of community factors that contribute to the increased likelihood of outbreak development." @default.
- W2027215542 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2027215542 date "1991-01-01" @default.
- W2027215542 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
- W2027215542 title "Considering the nutritional ecology of the spruce budworm in its management" @default.
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- W2027215542 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90176-v" @default.
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