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• W2027662475 abstract "Southern hemispheric data (1978‐1998) on four halons are reported. Halon‐derived bromine increased by a factor of 10 from 0.6–0.7 parts per trillion (ppt) in 1978 to more than 7 ppt in early 1998, currently growing at 3% yr −1 . In 1997 the mixing ratios were 4.0 (CBrClF 2 , H‐1211), 2.1 (CBrF 3 , H‐1301), 0.4 (CBrF 2 CBrF 2 , H‐2402), and 0.04 ppt (CBr 2 F 2 , H‐1202), contributing ∼60, 30, 10 and 1% respectively to halon‐derived bromine (40% of background tropospheric bromine). The halons exhibit different growth patterns: CBrClF 2 continues linearly (0.20 ppt yr −1 ), CBrF 3 slows significantly (0.03 ppt yr −1 , early 1998), CBrF 2 CBrF 2 stops and CBr 2 F 2 increases (17% yr −1 in early 1998). CBr 2 F 2 shows a photochemically driven annual cycle. CBrClF 2 and CBrF 3 emissions (1963–2100) have been estimated from past and future production figures, in developed and developing countries, and from release estimates from the various halon banks. Mixing ratios have been calculated from a two‐dimensional model incorporating seasonal transport and halon photochemistry and a latitudinal source function. The model‐derived atmospheric lifetimes are 17 (CBrClF 2 ), 62 (CBrF 3 ), 20 (CBrF 2 CBrF 2 ), and 2.9 (CBr 2 F 2 ) years. Calculated and measured mixing ratios of CBrF 3 agree reasonably but not for CBrClF 2 in recent years. The model has been used to derive independently halon emissions that are consistent with the observed atmospheric trends. The continued growth of CBrClF 2 in the background atmosphere could be due to enhanced production and emission in the Peoples' Republic of China, which may also explain the recent acceleration in growth of CBr 2 F 2 , a by‐product of CBrClF 2 manufacture. The recent atmospheric growth of CBr 2 F 2 may also be due to increased direct usage. The expected long‐term recovery of stratospheric ozone could be delayed if the current halon growth continues into the next decade." @default.
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• W2027662475 date "1999-07-01" @default.
• W2027662475 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
• W2027662475 title "Southern Hemispheric halon trends (1978–1998) and global halon emissions" @default.
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• W2027662475 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jd900113" @default.
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