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- W2027702981 abstract "According to the theory of ‘promiscuous teleology’, humans are naturally biased to (mistakenly) construe natural kinds as if they (like artifacts) were intentionally designed ‘for a purpose’. However, this theory introduces two paradoxes. First, if infants readily distinguish natural kinds from artifacts, as evidence suggests, why do school-aged children erroneously conflate this distinction? Second, if Western scientific education is required to overcome promiscuous teleological reasoning, how can one account for the ecological expertise of non-Western educated, indigenous people? Here, we develop an alternative ‘relational-deictic’ interpretation, proposing that the teleological stance may not index a deep-rooted belief that nature was designed for a purpose, but instead may reflect an appreciation of the perspectival relations among living things and their environments. According to the theory of ‘promiscuous teleology’, humans are naturally biased to (mistakenly) construe natural kinds as if they (like artifacts) were intentionally designed ‘for a purpose’. However, this theory introduces two paradoxes. First, if infants readily distinguish natural kinds from artifacts, as evidence suggests, why do school-aged children erroneously conflate this distinction? Second, if Western scientific education is required to overcome promiscuous teleological reasoning, how can one account for the ecological expertise of non-Western educated, indigenous people? Here, we develop an alternative ‘relational-deictic’ interpretation, proposing that the teleological stance may not index a deep-rooted belief that nature was designed for a purpose, but instead may reflect an appreciation of the perspectival relations among living things and their environments. the cause or initiator of an event. When the function of an entity is viewed as a property of agency (e.g., someone made clouds for raining), then teleological statements may point to a causal explanation reflecting an agentic design stance. functions that point toward a sense of purpose arising from distinct ‘point(s) of view’ within a relational system of interdependencies (animals that need rain). the idea that people are naturally biased to view nature as though it is intentionally created. the condition of being acted upon. When the function of an entity is viewed as a property of patiency (e.g., someone perceives clouds as for raining), then teleological statements may point to a relational explanation reflecting a perspectival stance. the theory that teleological reasoning about nature reflects a tacit belief that natural kinds exist for a purpose, akin to an artifact-like design stance, where purpose is intrinsic to one entity (either a designer or the entity itself). Such reasoning is considered to reflect erroneous causal explanations invoking agentive, intentional conceptions of nature when physical-causal mechanistic explanations would be superior. functions that are a property of the relationship between at least two entities and, as such, are extrinsic to the individual entities. Such functions may be characterized by various kinds of relationships, including dependencies, affordances, habitats, helping or hurting relations, or others. reasoning about entities or events by appeal to function or purpose. Teleological reasoning includes formulations such as, ‘X helps there be more Y’; ‘It is better for X to have Y’; or ‘X exists so that/for Y’ [57]." @default.
- W2027702981 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2027702981 date "2013-04-01" @default.
- W2027702981 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2027702981 title "Teleological reasoning about nature: intentional design or relational perspectives?" @default.
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- W2027702981 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.02.006" @default.
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