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• W2028407488 abstract "The orexin system is known to project from neurons of lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) to all over the central nervous system except cerebellum and to modulate sleep and vigilance. Clinically, it is well known that migraine could be induced either by lack of sleep or too much sleep, yet sleep may relieve headache. These suggest that sleep plays a role in the migraine pathogenesis. To elucidate the role of orexin system in the pathophysiology of migraine, we investigated the distribution of orexin-A and orexin-1 receptors in dura mater, pial arteries, trigeminovascular system and hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray and autonomic ganglia of rat. A total of 5 Sprague Dawley rats were perfused with cold Zamboni fixative. Sample was obtained from hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray and medulla oblongata and trigeminal ganglia (TG), dorsal root (DRG) ganglia, autonomic ganglia as well as circle of Willis with its major branches and dura mater. Specimens were sectioned in 5 μm thick, and dura mater and pial arteries were processed as the whole mount preparation. The orexin-A, orexin-1 receptors, were detected by affinity purified polyclonal antibody. Immunofluorescence staining method was utilized. In the lateral hypothalamic area, both orexin-A and orexin-1 receptor-immunoreactive(IR) neurons and nerve fibers were observed. In periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe, orexin-A-IR nerve fibers and orexin-1 receptor-IR neurons were also observed. Neither orexin-A nor orexin-1-receptors immunoreactivity was observed around the pial arteries. In dura mater and dural arteries orexin-1 receptor-IR nerve fibers were observed. Any orexin-A-IR neuron was not observed in these ganglia. The immunoreactivity of orexin-1 receptors was considered to be nonspecific outcome. This study demonstrates that the orexin system innervates intracranial structures which may be involved in the migraine pathogenesis. Particularly, it has never been reported that orexin-1 receptors express on dura mater and dural arteries. It is suggested that the orexin system acts on dura and dural arteries directly and via noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are transmitters of cerebrovascular sympathetic/parasympathetic nerves that regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF). Particularly, NPY-containing fibers originating from arcuate nucleus (ARC) project to orexin-expressing neurons. On the other hand, orexin-expressing neurons project to NPY-expressing neurons in the ARC. Orexin system and NPY are likely to be involved in migraine pathogenesis and regulation of CBF." @default.
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• W2028407488 date "2007-09-01" @default.
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• W2028407488 title "Immunohistochemical study of orexin system of the rat — Migraine pathogenesis and regulation of cerebral blood flow" @default.
• W2028407488 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2007.06.045" @default.
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