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- W2029136640 abstract "Landforms of the southwestern Kalahari in southern Africa include linear dune systems, pans and associated lunette dunes and the valleys of ephemeral rivers. Present day climates in the region are transitional from arid to semi-arid, making the area sensitive to climatic change. The linear dunes are part of an extensive system of fixed dunes developed in the surface Kalahari sands. The dunes were in existence prior to 32,000 yr B.P., but have been reactivated on a number of occasions since then in conditions of increased wind velocities, more NW winds and reduced rainfall, especially in northern and eastern parts of the region. Periods of dune activity probably occurred at 19,000-17,000, 10,000-6000 and 4000-3000 yr B.P. The development of pans in the region has been strongly influenced by changes in groundwater conditions. Deflation from pans and formation of lunettes occurred in periods when groundwater levels were higher and fluctuated seasonally more than they do today. Such periods probably occurred 25,000–20,000 yr B.P., around 10,000 yr B.P. and just prior to 1000 yr B.P. Still higher groundwater discharges, promoted by increased regional rainfall, resulted in the formation of spring tufas and seasonal or permanent lakes in the pans, which were also fed by surface runoff, during the intervals between 33,000–28,000; 23,000–21,000; 17,000–15,000 and 12,000–11,000 yr B.P. The headwaters of the major ephemeral streams lie outside the region, but within the same climatic zone. Increased flow in the Molopo River occurred prior to 19,000, and between 15,000 and 13,000 yr B.P." @default.
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- W2029136640 date "1989-05-01" @default.
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- W2029136640 title "Late Quaternary paleoenvironments in the southwestern Kalahari" @default.
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- W2029136640 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(89)90114-4" @default.
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