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• W2029402066 abstract "In this issue of Mycopathologia, Loperana-Alvarezet al. [1] report that they have isolated the pathogenicyeast Cryptococcus gattii from trees and succulentplants in Puerto Rico, a tropical island in theCaribbean.Until a decade ago the basidiomycetous yeastCryptococcus gattii was a rare cause of cryptococcosisin humans and animals that occurred mainly in thesubtropical and tropical regions in South America,Africa and Australia. However, this distributionpattern changed by an unprecedented outbreak of thisyeast which emerged in 1999 in the temperate climateof British Columbia (Canada) and that subsequentlyexpanded to the Pacific Northwest [2, 3]. In contrast toits opportunistic relative Cryptococcus neoformans,C. gattii has a preference to cause disease in appar-ently healthy humans and animals [2, 3]. However, itbecame obvious that also immunocompromisedpatients, like individuals receiving immunosuppres-sive therapy, organ transplant recipients and patientswith hematological malignancies, are likely to acquirecryptococcosis caused by C. gattii [2]. Furthermore,several cases of activated dormant C. gattii infectionshave been described [4]. In a recent study byLitvintseva et al. [5], C. gattii was identified as thecause of cryptococcal disease in more than 13% of thestudied HIV-positive humans in the sub-Saharanregion. These examples suggest that C. gattii can nolonger be regarded as a primary pathogenic yeast [4].In most cases, C. gattii and C. neoformans enter thebody via the respiratory system from where it dissem-inates to the central nervous system to cause menin-gitis, which frequently has a fatal course [2, 6]. It isgenerally accepted that airborne basidiospores pro-duced by Filobasidiella bacillispora, the teleomorphof C. gattii or small-sized desiccated C. gattii cells arethe infectious propagules since encapsulated vegeta-tive yeast cells are too large to pass through the lungalveoli [6]. Nevertheless, the sexual phases of bothpathogenic Cryptococcus species are only known tobeproduced under laboratory circumstances and have notyet been found in nature or in clinical samples [6].The natural habitat of C. neoformans and C. gattiihas been intensively studied, especially in those areaswhere the incidence of cryptococcosis is relativelyhigh [7]. The primary ecological niche of C. neofor-mans has been determined to be bird excreta,especially pigeon droppings, and trees [8]. Twodecades ago, C. gattii was isolated from plant debrisunder a Eucalyptus camaldulensis tree in Australia[8]. The distribution pattern of E. camaldulensis hasbeen associated with the relatively high proportion of" @default.
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• W2029402066 date "2010-04-23" @default.
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• W2029402066 title "The Search for the Natural Habitat of Cryptococcus gattii" @default.
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• W2029402066 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-010-9313-6" @default.
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