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• W2031806943 abstract "The epidemiologic evidence contributing to the conclusions of various review committees in regard to the association of cigarette smoking with cancer of the lung oral cavity larynx esophagus and bladder has been supported by extensive experimental data but such data fail to establish incontrovertibly a causal relationship between smoking and cancer in humans. The final proof can only be obtained from epidemiologic findings. The objective of the laboratory studies reviewed here is to contribute to an understanding of the factors and mechanisms leading to the disease and thereby to eliminate decisive factors. Attention is focused on some characteristics of tobacco smoke respiratory and skin carcinogenesis bladder carcinogenesis chemical data suspected bladder carcinogens chemical indicators for carcinogenicity reduction of tumorigenicity and problems of experimental tobacco carcinogenesis. Finally the laboratory experience needs to be evaluated in terms of human data. The epidemiologist needs to investigate the cancer risk among groups smoking different types of cigarettes and different blends of tobaccos. In instances where the epidemiologic experience is supported by the laboratory data both data and experience assume greater significance. In this respect the question may be asked to what extent alteration of tobacco smoke to reduce its tumorigenic potential as expressed by chemical indicators and reflected in bioassays can be of importance to humans. It is reasoned from dose-response studies on humans and on the experimental animal that a reduction in exposure to total smoke will be associated with a reduction in the risk of contracting those diseases associated with cigarette smoking. It may be assumed that a reduction in specific toxic and tumorigenic agents which causes a reduction of toxicity and tumorigenicity in assays with animals will similarly affect humans." @default.
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• W2031806943 date "1968-11-22" @default.
• W2031806943 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2031806943 title "Experimental Tobacco Carcinogenesis" @default.
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• W2031806943 doi "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3856.862" @default.
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