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- W203186722 abstract "Angiotensin II (Ang II), a peptide hormone, is the primary product of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The main effects of Ang II are related to the control of cardiovascular, renal and adrenal functions, as related to fluid and electrolyte balance, and arterial pressure. In addition, the octapeptide Ang II also affects cell growth, apoptosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and coagulation. The classical RAS involves the biosynthesis of the enzyme renin in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Active renin cleaves angiotensinogen (Ao), which is synthesized in the liver to form the decapeptide angiotensin I (Ang I). Angiotensin I is acted upon by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a primarily membrane bound glycoprotein, which hydrolyzes the Ang I into the biologically active Ang II. The majority of the actions of Ang II are attributed to the interaction of the peptide with the Ang II, type 1 plasma membrane (AT1) receptor. The AT1 is a seven-transmembrane spanning, heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that activates multiple signal transduction pathways. An AT2 receptor, which in large part couples to effector pathways that antagonize the AT1 effects, is also present in the cardiovascular tissue. The AT2 receptor function will be discussed in more detail in Chapter 5. In addition to the classical, circulating RAS, locally derived RASs have been described in many studies on organs and tissues, including the heart and vasculature. Clinical, animal, and cell culture studies support the concept that these local RASs can act in an autocrine, paracrine, and/or intracrine manner." @default.
- W203186722 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W203186722 creator A5024133107 @default.
- W203186722 creator A5052167281 @default.
- W203186722 creator A5090389941 @default.
- W203186722 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W203186722 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W203186722 title "Cardiac and Vascular Renin-Angiotensin Systems" @default.
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