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• W2032056579 abstract "A critical analysis of the problem of causality in the energy transfer between a pair of atoms is carried out. One of the pair, the source, is initially excited and the other, the detector, is in its ground state. The probabilities are calculated for the detector to be excited at a later time $t$ under different experimental conditions. In the first, a precise specification is made of the state of the source and that of the radiation field at the observation time $t.$ In the second, the final state of the field is unspecified, whereas in the third, the state of neither the field nor the source is specified at time $t.$ These three cases correspond to predicting the outcomes of different experimental measurements. It is shown that of the three cases, only the third exhibits exact causal behavior. The other two are noncausal. The noncausal contributions to the probability arise from the correlation of vacuum fluctuations at the two atoms at different times in the interval 0 to $t.$ The probabilities for these cases can be significant for times slightly less than $R/c,$ where $R$ is the interatomic separation. Explicit expressions, correct to fourth order in the transition moments, for the probabilities in the three cases are given. A proof of strict causality to all orders is presented for the third case where the final measurement is solely made on the detector. In Appendix A the related problem of the time dependence of the electric energy density associated with the source is analyzed and shown to be causal." @default.
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• W2032056579 date "1997-11-01" @default.
• W2032056579 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W2032056579 title "Analysis of the causal behavior in energy transfer between atoms" @default.
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• W2032056579 doi "https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.56.3395" @default.
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