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- W2032714404 abstract "Depuis l’avènement des traitements antirétroviraux actifs, l’avenir des patients infectés par le VIH est transformé. Mais l’évolution des hépatites virales B ou C (20 à 25 % des patients VIH sont co-infectés) en est d’autant plus sévère, les patients co-infectés ayant une sensibilité augmentée à la toxicité hépatique des antirétroviraux. La relation entre concentrations plasmatiques élevées des antirétroviraux et toxicité a été bien démontrée pour certains inhibiteurs de protéase (IP) et inhibiteurs non nucléosidiques de transcriptase inverse (NNRTI), qui ont un métabolisme hépatique prédominant (CYP4503A4). Quant aux inhibiteurs nucléosidiques de transcriptase inverse (NRTI), ils ne sont pas métabolisés de façon prépondérante par le foie mais peuvent néanmoins être toxiques pour le foie par le biais d’une atteinte mitochondriale. La toxicité hépatique observée chez un malade traité par antirétroviraux, précoce ou retardée, peut être de mécanisme cytolytique, cholestatique ou mixte, direct ou indirect. Avant d’initier le traitement antirétroviral, la fibrose hépatique doit être évaluée (ponction-biopsie, test biologique de fibrose, score de Child-Pugh). Il est conseillé d’éviter les médicaments les plus hépatotoxiques, notamment didanosine, didanosine + stavudine, névirapine, ritonavir à pleine dose. Même s’il est possible de débuter à dose usuelle un traitement antirétroviral chez un patient cirrhotique (la marge thérapeutique des antirétroviraux est large), la réalisation d’un dosage précoce s’avère néanmoins indispensable, notamment pour les IP et NNRTI, afin de pouvoir adapter les doses en cas de surdosage et éviter les effets indésirables. Une surveillance étroite est dans tous les cas fondamentale. Since highly active antiretroviral therapies became available, the future of HIV-infected patients has been transformed. However, 20 to 25% of HIV patients are co-infected with hepatitis B or C viruses, and the course of these diseases has worsened, since these patients have an enhanced sensitivity to the hepatic toxicity of antiretrovirals. The relation between high antiretroviral concentrations and toxicity has been clearly demonstrated with certain protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) that have a predominantly hepatic metabolism (CYP4503A4). The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) are not predominantly metabolized by the liver, but may nevertheless be toxic for the liver through mitochondrial involvement. The hepatic toxicity observed in a patient treated with early or delayed antiretrovirals may be due to a cytolytic, cholestatic or mixed, direct or indirect, mechanism. Before initiating antiretroviral treatments, hepatic fibrosis must be explored (punch biopsy, biological fibrosis test, and Child-Pugh's score). It is recommended that the most hepatotoxic drugs be avoided, notably didanosine, didanosine+stavudine, nevirapine, and full-dose ritonavir. Although it is possible to initiate an antiretroviral at the standard dose in patients with cirrhosis (the therapeutic margin with antiretrovirals is wide), early assays are essential, particularly with PI and NNRTI, to adjust the dose and avoid adverse events. In any event rigorous monitoring is a must." @default.
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- W2032714404 date "2005-06-01" @default.
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- W2032714404 title "Utilisation des antirétroviraux chez le patient cirrhotique infecté par le VIH" @default.
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